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3. 1 nanometer (nm) = 10 hydrogen atoms side-by-side Meaning of “nano”: One billionth (10x-9) Nanometer (nm) = one billionth of a meter Scientific Terms: A human hair is 10,000 nm wide

4. www.fakengineer.com Definition of Nanotechnology?  It’s the design, characterization, production & applications of structures, devices & systems by controlling shape & size at nanometer scale  In other words it’s the field of applied Science focused on design, formation, identification & application of material &devices on nanoscale  Ability to control, to see, measure & manipulate- matter on atomic & molecular scale to exploit those properties and functions  Ability to integrate those properties into systems spanning from nano to microscopic scales

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6. Unique properties of nanoscale particles  Chemical reactivity of nanoscale materials is greatly different from more macroscopic form, e.g., gold  Quantum size effects result in unique mechanical, electronic, photonic, and magnetic properties of nanoscale materials  New chemical forms of common chemical elements, e.g., fullerenes, nanotubes of carbon, titanium oxide, zinc oxide & other layered compounds Carbon Nanotubes

7. www.fakengineer.com Nanocrystalline materials Nanoparticles Nanocapsules Nanoporous materials Nanofibers Nanowires Fullerenes Nanotubes Nanosprings Nanobelts Dendrimers Molecular electronics Quantum dots NEMS, Nanofluidies Various Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies

8. www.fakengineer.com Examples of Nanostructures 7 Nanoarea Electron Diffraction of Carbon Nanotube Corral of Fe Atoms Nanowires Nanometer crystal

9. www.fakengineer.com Nanoporous materials  Zeolite is an old example which has been around a long time and used by petroleum industry as catalysts  The surface area of a solid increases when it becomes nanoporous; this improves catalyst effects, adsorption properties  ‘Adsorption’ is like ‘absorption’ except the absorbed material is held near the surface rather than inside  How to make nanopores? - lithography followed by etching - ion beam etching/milling - electrochemical techniques -sol-gel techniques

10. www.fakengineer.com Advanced fabrication enabling nanotechnology transistors

11. www.fakengineer.com Nanotechnology for clean water  Nanomembrane for water purification, desalination & detoxification  Titanium oxide nanoparticles for the catalytic degradation of water pollutants  Reduced voltage & selectivity reduces cost by up to half

12. www.fakengineer.com Nanotechnology in health care  Nanodevices can make gene sequencing more efficient  Gene gun uses nanoparticles to deliver genetic material to target cells

13. www.fakengineer.com Si Nanomaterials for treating cancer  Gold nanoshells formed by depositing gold on silica particles  In vitro & mice studies showed promising results Gold 150 nm

14. www.fakengineer.com Agricultural productivity enhancement  Nanoporous zeolites for slow release and efficient dosage of water & fertilizers for plants & drugs for livestock  Nanocapsules for herbicide delivery  Nanosensors for the detection of pathogens, for checking soil quality and for plant growth monitoring  Nanomagnets for removal of soil contaminants and remediation

15. www.fakengineer.com Food processing and storage  Nanocomposites for plastic film coatings used in food packaging  Antimicrobial nanoemulsions for applications in decontamination of food equipment, packaging or food  Nanotechnology based antigen detecting biosensors for identification of pathogen contamination

16. www.fakengineer.com Impact of nanotechnology  Nanotechnology is expected to have a variety of economic, social, environmental & national security impacts. In 2000,the National Science Foundation began working with the National Nanotechnology Initiative(NNI) to address nanotechnology’s possible impacts & to propose ways of minimizing any undesirable consequences.  Finally, nanotechnology can be expected to be involved in better monitoring of peace & inspection agreements. Efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons or to detect the existence of biological & chemical weapons may can be improved with nanotech devices.

17. www.fakengineer.com Thank You Submitted by: Sushil Kumar Das Regd. No:0711016053 Sec: ’A’ Branch: ENTC