1. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June The Europe-US International Aviation Safety Conference 2005 ‘ Aviation Safety Regulation – Setting the Sights for the Future’ ERICA: The EUROPEAN TILTROTOR Marco CICALE’ AGUSTA Coordinator of the ERICA Projects

2. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 2 SUMMARY THE ERICA TILTROTOR Its innovative solutions Architecture Performance CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM The Public Acceptance New Regulations Airport Operations

3. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 3 WHY TILTROTOR? AIRPORT CONGESTION Airport Expansion Airport Efficiency Improvement Space Environment Social Impact

4. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 4 INNOVATIVE DESIGN TILT WINGTILTROTOR

5. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 5 ERICA LAYOUT

6. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 6 INNOVATIVE DESIGN Structural Continuity of Tilting Mechanism Small Rotor Diameter Tiltable Wing

7. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 7 Small rotor diameter:  improved safety: landing in a/c mode  enhanced flight envelope ( whirl flutter delayed )  reduction of systems weight ( rotors and wing )  increased efficiency and speed in A/C mode  higher productivity  higher versatility ( aircraft mode take-off capability) INNOVATIVE DESIGN

8. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 8 Tiltable Wing  improved performance in helicopter mode ( low down-load )  reduction of rotor diameter permissible  conversion corridor enlargement ( improve HQ )  improved H/C mode autorotation capability ( improve HQ )  slight weight penalties INNOVATIVE DESIGN

9. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 9 Rotor tilting mechanism structurally continuous  Simplification of System  Nacelle’s Rotation Synchronising Mechanism no longer necessary  Safety & Reliability Improved INNOVATIVE DESIGN

10. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 10 Conversion Mode Nacelle Angle 90 o 0o0o Helicopter Mode Aeroplane Mode INNOVATIVE DESIGN

11. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 11 Point to Point Connection 5% Hover - 95% Cruise Productivity +30% of present T/R High Speed (350Kts) High Range (650NM) 19 - 22 Pax Cruise at high altitude (7500 m) VTOW 10000 kg-STOW 11000 kg Adaptability to different roles Search & Rescue Paramilitary Medevac VIP Corporate DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

12. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 12 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON Power limits Wing stall limits

13. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 13 SUMMARY THE ERICA TILTROTOR Its innovative solutions Architecture Performance CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM The Public Acceptance New Regulations Airport Operations

14. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 14 TRISYD DRIVE SYSTEM & TILTING MECHANISMS TILT ROTOR European C ritical T echnology P rojects DART ADVANCED ROTOR FOR TILT ROTOR ACT_TILT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TILT ROTOR ADYN TILT ROTOR DYNAMICS AND NOISE EUROPEAN CTP TILTAEROINTERACTIONALAERODYNAMICS

15. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 15 All the projects are running (2000-2006) NICE-TRIP FP6 (2006-2010) Main Partners: AGUSTAWESTLAND EUROCOPTER (Aerospace Industries/ Research Centres/Univerities…) COSTS 38.5 Meuro (co-funded by EU) EUROPEAN CTP

16. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 16 TILT-Rotor Interactional AEROdynamics PURPOSE  Validation and improvement of existing CFD tools  Design, manufacturing and testing of a large scale powered half-span mock-up (Mach scaled)  Feasibility studies for the design of a powered full- span mock-up TILTAERO

17. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 17 Tiltrotor A coustics, DY namics and N oise Wind Tunnel Tests with the same TILTAERO model to study: oPerformance odynamics onoise ADYN PURPOSE

18. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 18 ADYN Carlo L. Bottasso, Lorenzo Trainelli, "Aeroelastic Analysis of Tilt-Rotors Using Finite Element Multibody Procedures", Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Milano, 2002. The whirl flutter instability ADYN

19. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 19 Active Control Technology for TILT-rotor Define the architecture of the ERICA Flight Control System ( Flight by Wire / Flight by Light ) Define new Control Laws for the ERICA flight envelope considering also the additional degree of freedom of the tiltable wing Validate, through pilot in the loop simulation, the new Control Laws PURPOSE ACT-TILT

20. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 20 + Tiltable Wing degree of freedom ACT-TILT

21. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 21 EC UoL NLR DLR WHL HANDLING QUALITIES ASSESSMENT ACT-TILT

22. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 22 Development of an Advanced Rotor for Tiltrotor Design, manufacturing and test a new FULL SCALE hub,following the dynamic requirements of the ERICA tiltrotor Define and optimise the thecnology process PURPOSE DART

23. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 23 T ilt- R otor I ntegrated drive SY stem D evelopment Design, manufacturing and test a new drive system for the ERICA tiltrotor Define the technology for the conversion systems Define monitoring systems (HUMS) to reach the safety requirements of the ERICA project PURPOSE TRISYD

24. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 24 Nacelle integration TRISYD Lubrication Test

25. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 25 Preparation for the 6 th FRAMEWORK oINTEGRATION OF THE TECHNOLOGIES IN A WHIRL TOWER TEST + POWERED SCALED WIND TUNNEL MODEL oAGUSTA-WESTLAND AND EUROCOPTER WILL BE THE LEADER OF THE INTEGRATED PROJECT oMANY OTHER INDUSTRIES, RESEARCH CENTRE AND UNIVERSITIES WILL BE ALSO INVOLVED ( EUROPEAN AND NOT ) 6 th FRAMEWORK PGM

26. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 26 SUMMARY THE ERICA TILTROTOR Its innovative solutions Architecture Performance CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS Tiltaero, Adyn, Act-Tilt, Dart, Trysid The VTOL Aircraft in the ATM The Public Acceptance New Regulations Airport Operations

27. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 27 TILTROTOR IN ATM THE TILTROTOR (T/R) AS THE SOLUTION FOR THE CONGESTION PROBLEM T/R CAN OPERATE IN ALL WEATHER CONDITIONS FROM AIRPORTS OR VERTIPORTS STRATEGICALLY LOCATED TO PROVIDE CONVENINET ACCESS TO OTHER TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS(TRAIN STATIONS, HIGHWAYS…) VERTIPORTS: NEW ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS CENTERS T/R CAN PROVIDE AIR SERVICE INTO HUB AIRPORTS TO FEED THE LARGER, LONG DISTANCE AIRCRAFT (A ROLE THAT COMMUTER TURBOPROPS PLAY TODAY) T/R COULD DISPLACE A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF THE SMALL AIRPLANE FLIGHTS AND FREE UP THE SLOTS FOR LARGER AIRCRAFT PART OF THE MONEY USED FOR NEW AIRPORTS COULD BE USED TO DEVELOP THE T/R SYSTEM: IT WOULD COST LESS MORE OPTIONS FOR PASSENGERS DEPARTURES

28. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 28 TILTROTOR IN ATM PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE AIRPORT OPERATIONS NEW REGULATIONS CONNECTED WITH THE NEW TECHNOLOGY

29. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 29 PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE ACOUSTIC VIRTUAL NOISE (Non Acoustic)

30. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 30 PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE ACOUSTIC CAUSES  Rotors noise  Fountain effect (T/R)  Main rotor wake/tail rotor interaction (H/C)  Blade vortex interactions (BVI) SOLUTIONS  Tiltable Wing (T/R)  Present studies on the reduction of BVI  Active blade controls (flaps, HHC, IBC…)  Flying at heights greater than today (3000 ft above cities; 5000 ft above rural areas)

31. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 31 PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE VIRTUAL NOISE Is the helicopter (T/R) safe? Is it controllable? Perceived intrusion Different noise respect to the more common fixed wing noise Increase of the level of dB: +15/20 dB(A) SOLUTIONS  Publicity Campaigns (Industries, Operators, Associations…)  Better public relations: understand the concerns & needs of each other  Heliports in noisy area  Re-routing, increase of flyover heights, operational procedures The Community Says:

32. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 32 NEW RULES THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF THE TILTROTOR NEEDS NEW REGULATIONS  Nacelle Tilting Mechanism  Flight Quality Requirements in the Conversion Corridor  Flight Quality Requirements with FBW System  Handling Qualities Criteria  Emergency Conditions (Cat. A, …)  Flight Deck Design  Pilot Licence

33. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 33 NEW RULES DESIGN FLT TESTTEST RESULTSPROOF OF COMP. LIMITED OPERATIONAL CERTIFICATION CERTIFICATION BASIS CERIFICATION PROCESS ( FTE F. Paolucci (ENAC), FTP Maj. G. Cito (ITAF) ) Iterative Certification Process for a Live Certification Basis

34. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 34 AIRPORT OPERATIONS  Objective: Remove IFR R/C & T/R from runway traffic by using their specific, non dependent, procedures Advantages:  for the pilot: shortened approaches (time / fuel savings)  for the controller: removes “slow traffic” from RWY approach (easier A/C-R/C-T/R separation)  for airport neighbours: less noise thanks to higher approach routes and steep final leg  for airport authorities: adds movements without contribution to RWY congestion (passenger throughput)

35. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 35 AIRPORT OPERATIONS H Leaving ILS when RWY in sight Visual Manoeuvre Standard Separation A/C Separation H R/C Separation R/C Go-around Current ILS Procedure SNI

36. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 36 AIRPORT OPERATIONS Combined use of Helicopters and Tilt-Rotors for Hub Feeder operations can increase passenger throughput SNI potential for future R/C operations  NASA / Boeing Studies +20% to + 30% passenger throughput Provides 50% as much delay reduction as a new runway (NASA study)

37. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 37 OPEN QUESTIONS 1.Which are the actions that Industries, Operators, Associations, Regulations Agencies should give themselves in order to reach the goal of the introduction of the VTOL aircraft in the ATM? 2.In the case of an SNI approach, what should be the minimum separation with the other traffic? 3.What is the required navigational performance of the SNI approach procedure and how sensitive is this procedure to items as weather, system failures…? 4.What are the requirements in terms of visually acquiring, observing and guiding rotary-wing traffic to separate them from other IFR fixed-wing traffic by the control tower? 5.Does the traffic controller need special equipment, algorithms, etc. in order to reduce the mental stress or the conflict-solving predictive capability? 6.What about the new regulations connected with the new technology (Nacelle Tilting Mech., Conversion, HQ, …) ? 7.…

38. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 38 oTHE AGUSTA ADVANCED TILTROTOR ERICA IS A STEP FORWARD FOR THE AIR TRANSPORT oTHE RUNNING CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS ALLOW TO REINFORCE THE EUROPEAN KNOWLEDGE IN THE DOMAIN oTHE 6 th EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK PROGRAM WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THIS GLOBAL OBJECTIVE WITHIN A LARGE PARTNERSHIP oINDUSTRIES, OPERATORS, ASSOCIATIONS, REGULATION AGENCIES SHOULD GIVE THEIR EFFORT IN ORDER TO INTRODUCE THE VTOL IN THE ATM CONCLUSIONS

39. 2005 Europe/US International Aviation Safety Conference, Cologne 7-9 June 39 WELCOME ON BOARD