1. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 10/15/2015

2. COLLECTIVE SECURITY 1648: Peace of Westphalia Ended 30 Years War & Eight Years War Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, Sweden, Dutch League of Nations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0ldr18Rnh o NATO

3. COLLECTIVE SECURITY WORKS: Consensus DOESN’T WORK Most of the time—lack of general power consensus Collective Action Problems No consensus to stop problems (1930s) First-Actor Problem DOESN’T WORK: Multiple Collectives (all-out war, WWI) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s94_M9jdof0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3UjJ5kxiLI

4. COLLECTIVE ACTION PROBLEMS Prisoner’s Dilemma Tragedy of the Commons

5. NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/arms- race/videos/manhattan-project UK, US, Soviet Union, France, & China 1) Prevent proliferation/spread 2) Peaceful energy 3) Nuclear disarmament (North Korea; Israel, India, Pakistan) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdGnDcwYcA M

6. ARMS CONTROL WORKS: Short-term interest to build more weapons; long- term interest to NOT build more weapons U.S./Soviet Arms Race (slight power disparity)

7. ARMS CONTROL DOESN’T WORK We weren’t at the table when U.N. formed India rejected it on principle Pakistan then decides it needs nukes Iran/Israel: Existential Threat

8. PEACEKEEPING Raises cost of violating agreement Attacking Canadian/Norwegian troops Has to be mutually acceptable status quo