1. Cell Structure and Function

3.  Before 1600’s fiber/tissue = basic unit of life  Observed cork cells  Coined the term “cell”

4.  Made improvements to the microscope  First to see living cells  “animalcules” unicellular organisms

5. 3. Mathias Schleiden (1838)4. Theodor Schwann (1838)  Plants- made of cells  Animals- made of cells

6.  Cells come from other cells

7.  1. All living things are made of cells  2. All cells come from preexisting cells  3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function  Possible b/c of development of the microscope  Involved many of scientists over hundreds of years.

13. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

14. ProkaryoteEukaryote  No Nucleus  No organelles  Simple structure  Small, unicellular  Bacteria  Nucleus  Membrane bound organelles  Complex structures  Animals, plants, fungi, protists

17.  Lysosome  Leucoplasts  Chromoplasts  Mitochondria  Chloroplast  Cytoskeleton  Centrioles  Cilia  Flagella  Plasma Membrane  Cell Wall  Nucleus  Cytoplasm  Ribosomes  Rough ER  Smooth ER  Golgi Body  Vacuole

18.  Phospholipid bilayer embedded with protein  “Fluid Mosaic” theory  Regulates movement of molecules into or out of the cell

19.  Rigid structure outside of the plasma membrane  Protects and supports cell  Plants, fungi, bacteria  Made of cellulose

20.  Control center for the cell  Chromatin  DNA “blueprint” for cell’s proteins  Nucleolus  Makes ribisomes

21.  Liquid inside the cell  Water/nutrients  Contains organelles

23.  Site of protein synthesis

24.  Produces and transports molecules

25.  Stores, modifies and packages proteins, hormones etc.  Post office of the cell

26.  Stores food, waste, sugar, water etc.  Storage center of the cell

27.  Digests food molecules or worn-out cell parts

28.  Store starch (in plants)

29.  Contain pigments (in plants)

31.  “Powerhouse of the cell”  Site of cellular respiration

32.  Site of photosynthesis

34.  Internal framework of the cell  Microtubules- provide support  Microfilaments- enable cells to move (contractile proteins)

35.  Aid in the division of animal cells

37.  Cilia-short- fibers  Flagella- long fibers

38. Molecules constantly enter and leave the cell

39.  Requires no energy  Examples:  Diffusion and Osmosis  Facilitated Diffusion Transport proteins in membrane moves sugar, amino acids etc Follows concentration gradient

41.  Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration  Passive transport- requires no energy

42.  Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

43.  Concentration of solutes are equal inside and outside of the cell.

44.  Solution outside the cell has a higher concentration of solutes than the cell.  Less water inside  Solution outside the cell has a lower concentration of solutes than the cell.  More water inside

46.  Wilting = loss of turgor pressure

47. PlasmolysisCytolysis Shrivel Burst

48.  Carrier proteins – transport molecules  Low concentration to High concentration  Uses energy

49.  “into” the cell  Engulfs material by enclosing it in membrane  Forms a vacuole within the cell

50.  Expelling large amounts of material from the cell

51.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfy92hd aAH0&list=PL978360DC8EE52FCB https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfy92hd aAH0&list=PL978360DC8EE52FCB

52.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao9cVh wPg84 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao9cVh wPg84