1. PEPTIC ULCERS KEVIN GILLIGAN AND WYATT THOMPSON

2. WHAT'S AND ULCER? -an ulcer is a break in the bodily membrane (a sore)

3. PEPTIC ULCERS -Peptic: Of or relating to digestion, esp. that in which pepsin is concerned -Therefore a peptic ulcer is an ulcer that occurs in the digestive system, particularly in the stomach/duodenum region

5. CAUSES -The mucous that coats the lining of the stomach or small intestine is weakened REASONS FOR THIS 1.Bacteria (Helicobacter pylori) 2. Aspirin/Anti-Inflammatory medication 3.Alcohol 4.Stress 5.Caffeine 6.Cigarette smoking 7.Radiation therapy Treated with lifestyle changes and medication Treated with an antibiotic

6. Stomach Duodenum

8. SYMPTOMS -Abdominal Pain (burning sensation relieved by food, antacids, or vomiting) -Nausea/Regurgitation -Loss of Appetite/Loss of weight -Bleeding

9. DIAGNOSIS 1.Barium X-Ray 2.Endoscopy

10. DIAGNOSIS CON’T Once it is determined that a patient has a peptic ulcer, doctors need to determine whether it was caused by H. pylori or not. 1.Blood test 2.Breath test 3.Tissue test (if an endoscopy was completed)

11. TREATMENT -If H. pylori is present, the main focus of the treatment is to kill the bacteria, with reducing acid in the stomach being secondary Antibiotics

12. TREATMENT CON’T -If H. pylori is not present, the main focus of the treatment is to reduce the acid in the stomach and strengthen the mucous that lines your stomach and duodenum - This can be done by eliminating the other causes (Anti- Inflammatory medication, alcohol, stress, caffeine, cigarette smoking) - Acid-blocking medications - Medications designed to protect the lining in your stomach

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bashinskaya, Bronislava, et al. "Trends in peptic ulcer disease and the identification of Helicobacter Pylori as a causative organism: Population-based estimates from the US nationwide inpatient sample." Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 3.4 (2011): 366. Global Issues In Context. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. "Treatment of ulcers; Letter." Times [London, England] 7 Apr. 1993: 15. Global Issues In Context. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. "New Helicobacter Research from Zhejiang University Outlined." Health & Medicine Week 13 Apr. 2012: 536. Global Issues In Context. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. "New Helicobacter pylori Research from Edith Wolfson Medical Center Discussed." Health & Medicine Week 13 Apr. 2012: 537. Global Issues In Context. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. Stratemeier, Michael W. "Peptic Ulcers." EMedicineHealth. EMedicineHealth. Web. 11 Apr. 2012..