1. This information is confidential and was prepared by Bain & Company solely for the use of our client; it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without Bain's prior written consent. ATL 1 Virtual Team Assignment - Morales Three approaches to cultural adaptation Social ScienceInterpretiveCritical Role of individual migrant characteristics and background; theories of culture shock and reentry shock; outcomes of adaptations In-depth analysis of adaptation experience Importance of history, politics, and societal structures in migrant adaptation and identity Cultural adaptation is the long-term process of adjusting to and finally feeling comfortable in a new environment; A process by which individuals learn the rules and customs of new cultural contexts Focus of slides

2. This information is confidential and was prepared by Bain & Company solely for the use of our client; it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without Bain's prior written consent. ATL 2 Virtual Team Assignment - Morales Social science approach includes three models Anxiety and Uncertainty Management Model Transition Model Integrative Model 123 Characteristics influencing how well migrants adapt -Age -Gender -Preparation level -Expectations Research shows that overly positive and overly negative expectations lead to more difficulty in adaptation; apparently, positive but realistic or slightly negative expectations prior to the sojourn are the best (Martin, Bradford, & Rohrlich, 1995) Individual Influences on Adaptation

3. This information is confidential and was prepared by Bain & Company solely for the use of our client; it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without Bain's prior written consent. ATL 3 Virtual Team Assignment - Morales Anxiety and Uncertainty management Model The goal of effective intercultural communication can be reached by reducing anxiety and seeking information, a process known as uncertainty reduction 1 Types of uncertainty Predictive uncertainty Inability to predict what someone will say or do Explanatory uncertainty Inability to explain why people behave as they do Anxiety and Uncertainty Model assumes we gather information to help us reduce uncertainty and anxiety Characteristics of the most effective communicators Have a solid self-confidence and self- esteem Have flexible attitudes (tolerance for ambiguity, empathy) and behaviors Are complex and flexible in their categorization of others (ability to identify similarities and differences and avoid stereotypes)

4. This information is confidential and was prepared by Bain & Company solely for the use of our client; it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without Bain's prior written consent. ATL 4 Virtual Team Assignment - Morales The Transition Model 2 Transition Model: All transition experiences involve change, including some loss and some gain for individuals Three approaches to cultural adaptation Flight Tendencies -Lay Back -Observe -Socialize with their familiar culture in the new environment -Hesitate to speak a new language Fight Tendencies -Jump right in and participate -Trial and error -Try to speak the new language Hybrid - Flex Combination of positive “fight” and “flight” behaviors -“Go with the flow”

5. This information is confidential and was prepared by Bain & Company solely for the use of our client; it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without Bain's prior written consent. ATL 5 Virtual Team Assignment - Morales The Integrative Model 3 The Integrative Model: Adaptation is the process of stress, adjustment, and growth. As individuals experience the stress of not fitting in with the environment, the natural response is to seek to adjust Characteristics of the Integrative Model Increased communication is a double sword -Adapt better -But experience more culture Social support – can play an important role in helping the newcomer reduce stress, clarify uncertainty, and increase a sense of identity Psychic breakdown of previously held attitudes and behaviors Emphasis on the interconnectedness of individual and context in the adaptation process Adaptation occurs through communication

6. This information is confidential and was prepared by Bain & Company solely for the use of our client; it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without Bain's prior written consent. ATL 6 Virtual Team Assignment - Morales Outcomes of adaptation Psychological health Functional Fitness Intercultural Identify Most common definition of adaptation Concentrates on the emotional state of the individual migrant Psychological adjustment can be made easier/more difficult by the host culture Occurs more quickly than functional fitness or intercultural identity Second outcome after psychological health Ability to function in daily life in many different contexts Learning new ways of living and behaving Newcomers become functionally fit quicker if host members are wiling to communicate and interact with them Complex concept Person is neither a part of nor apart from the host culture Person acts situationally Run the risk of not knowing what to believe or how to develop ethics or values

7. This information is confidential and was prepared by Bain & Company solely for the use of our client; it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without Bain's prior written consent. ATL 7 Virtual Team Assignment - Morales References http://www.acf.hhs.gov/healthymarriage/pdf/C ultural_Adaptation.pdf ( This link is a brief summery of information about the cultural adaptation process of Hispanics into the United States which I felt applies to the experiences of many Hispanics here in the Central Valley.) Martin, J.N., Hammer, M.R. & Bradford, L. (1994). The Influence of cultural and situational contexts on Hispanic and non-Hispanic communication competence behaviors. Communication Quarterly, 42, 160-179.

8. This information is confidential and was prepared by Bain & Company solely for the use of our client; it is not to be relied on by any 3rd party without Bain's prior written consent. ATL 8 Virtual Team Assignment - Morales Quiz Questions 1.What are the three approaches to cultural adaptation? A. social science, adaptation, identity B. social science, interpretive, integrative or C. social science, interpretive and critical 2.True or False: Age, gender, preparation level, and expectations are all Characteristics influencing how well migrants adapt? Answers: 1. C. social science, interpretive, and critical 2. True