1. Review for Test 3

2. Review Birth of Islam – Muhammad – Flees Mecca - Hijra – Qur’an, Hadith, Sunna Five Pillars of Islam – There is one god, and Muhammad is his prophet – Prayer 5 times daily – Fasting, and observance of Dietary prohibitions – Almsgiving to the poor – If possible, must make a pilgrimage to Mecca The Early Caliphate – Abu Bakr – Umar (Omar) – Ali – Shi’ites (Shi’a) – Sunni Umayyad Dynasty – Muawiya – Afghanistan to Spain

3. Review Franks – Pippin I - Pepin the Elder Mayor of the Palace – Charles “The Hammer” Martel Battle of Tours / Battle of Poitiers East-West Church – Iconoclasm – Caesaropapism Pippin III - Pepin the Short – King of the Franks – Pippin Vs. Lombards Papal States Tang Dynasty – Well-field system – Emperor Xuanzong – Chan (Zen) Buddhism Greatest Single Foreign Cultural Force

4. Review Japan – Prince Shotoku – Seventeen Point Constitution – Chinese influence Tale of the Genji – World’s first novel – Murasaki Shikibu Khmer / Kampuchea – Ankor Wat Ghana – Gold Trade The Abbasid Caliphate – Rebellion – Abu al-Abbas – Baghdad – Harun al-Rashid – “Golden Age” – Averroës - Philosophy – al-Khwarizmi - Algebra – Avicenna - al-Qanun

5. Review The Carolingian Empire – Charlemagne – Missi Dominici “Agents of the Lord King” – Holy Roman Emperor The Carolingian Renaissance – Alcuin – “Caroline minuscule” The Venerable Bede – Ecclesiastical History of the English People – Calendar anno Domini – “in the year of our Lord” The Slavs - Eastern Europe – West Slavs - Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Wends – South Slavs - Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, and Bosnians – East Slavs - White Rus (Ukranians, Belorussians), Red Rus (Russians)

6. Review Division of the Franks – Treaty of Verdun Invasions – Magyars – Muslims – Vikings Kievan Rus – Varangians (Vikings) – Rurik – Circa 860 – Cyril and Methodius Cyrillic Alphabet – Vladimir I Christianity The Byzantine Empire – Macedonian Dynasty Basil I Anglo-Saxons (Early England) – The Danelaw – Alfred the Great King of Wessex King of the Anglo-Saxons

7. Review Central Europe (Early Germany) – Otto I Battle of Lechfeld Holy Roman Emperor – Holy Roman Empire Magyars / Hungarians – Geza – Stephen I West Francia (Early France) – Capetian Dynasty Hugh Capet Abbasid Caliphate – Widening Shiite-Sunni split – Fatimid expansion – Buyid takeover Amir Mu'izz al-Dawla Song Dynasty – Song Taizu – Innovations Printing Paper Currency Abacus Gunpowder

8. Review The Seven Sacraments – Baptism – Confession – Confirmation – Communion – Holy Matrimony – Holy Orders – Anointing of the Sick / Extreme Unction Feudalism / Serfdom – Fief – Serf – Vassal Agriculture – Three Field System Nobility – Castles – The Knights Chivalry Tournaments Medieval Trade – Italian Cities – Flanders

9. Review Education – Bologna – First University Peter Abelard – Sic et Non “Scholasticism” Thomas Aquinas – Greatest of the Scholastics – Summa Theologia East-West Schism / First Great Schism - 1054 – Excommunication – Eastern (Greek) Orthodox – Roman Catholic Church Issues and Reform – Pope Gregory VII – Cardinals – Lay Investiture Investiture Controversy

10. Review England – Edward “The Confessor” – Harold Godwinson Duke of Wessex – William “The Conquerer” Duke of Normandy – Battle of Hastings October 1066 – The Domesday Book Sicily – Roger de Hautville The Seljuk Turks – Abbasid Caliphate – Capture of Jerusalem – Byzantine Reaction The Crusades Begin – Pope Urban II – Indulgence The First Crusade – Only truly successful Crusade (for Europe)

11. Review Henry II of England – Common law – Jury – Inheritance in France – Thomas Becket - Archbishop of Canterbury Holy Roman Empire – House of Hohenstaufen – Frederick I - “Frederick Barbarossa” – Roman Law The Third Crusade – Saladin – “Crusade of Kings” Richard the Lionhearted Phillip II Augustus Frederick Barbarossa Innocent III – Most Powerful of the Medieval Popes The Fourth Crusade – Sacking of Constantinople

12. Review The Reconquista - “The Reconquest” Religious Orders – The Dominicans - “Preaching Friars” St. Dominic – The Franciscans - “Rule of the Little Brothers of Saint Francis” St. Francis of Assisi – The “Poor Clares” - Order of Poor Ladies Clare of Assisi Differences with Old Orders – Friars rather than Monks – Stressed apostolic poverty mendicant orders – Friars drew members from small property owners and shopkeeps The Battle of Bouvines – Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor & John of England – Phillip II of France – Consequences for all three powers

13. Review Phillip II Augustus of France – Unification John of England – Meeting at Runnymede – 1215 – Magna Carta Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor – Attempts at Unification – Italian Invasion Mali – Sundiata Kieta – Mansa Munsa Wealth Islam The Mongols – Temujin – Genghis Kahn – Conquests – Ogedei Conquests Vienna – Silk Road

14. Review Division of the Mongol Empire – Golden Horde – Il-Khans – Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan Marco Polo Invasion of Japan – Kamikaze Phillip IV “The Fair” – Estates-General Unam Sanctum Assault on the Pope The Avignon Papacy – Avignon, France – “The Babylonian Captivity” – 1309-1376 Edward I “Longshanks” – Wales & Scotland – William Wallace Parliament – 1295 Treaties of Paris

15. Review Edward III of England Phillip VI of France Hundred Years War – Edwardian War – Caroline War – Lancastrian War Battles of HYW: – Battle of Crecy - 1346 English Longbow – Battle of Poitiers - 1356 Ransom French King – Battle of Agincourt Henry V – Battle of Orléans Joan of Arc Turning Point End of the Hundred Years War – 1453 Legacy - – Cannon – Parliament Statue of 1341 – French National Identity The Black Death – Bubonic Plague – bacillus Yersinia pestis – Origin China Genoese trading – Consequences Inflation Higher standard of living Universities

16. Review Great Schism – Papal or Western Schism Calls for Reform – Lollards - John Wycliffe – Hussites - Jan Huss Conciliarism Council of Pisa – 1409-1410 Council of Constance – 1414-1417 – Martin V – Jan Huss Ottoman Turks – Expansion Tamerlane – “Timur the lame” Sultan Mehmed II Fall of Constantinople – May 1453

17. Possible Short ID / Essay Questions Consequences of the Hundred Years War Consequences of the Black Death Five Pillars of Islam Seven Catholic Sacraments Differences between Eastern and Western Church Three Field System Explanation of Feudalism Differences Between Friars Vs. Monks Beliefs of Reformers (John Wycliffe of Jan Huss) Chinese Inventions