1. Personal Development: the growth of enduring personality traits that influence the way individuals interact with their physical and social environments.
Personal Development
Parenting style,
Expectations,
Responsiveness
Parents
Heredity
Environment
Temperament
Permanent traits
(irritability, adventurousness,
confidence, etc.)
Peers
Friendship,
Attitudes,
Values
Remember that you get your heredity from your biological parents—so what is genetic and what is psychological is difficult to determine.

2. Bioecological model
Bronfenbrenner’s theory describing the nested social and cultural contexts that shape development. Every person develops wihtin a microsystem, inside a mesosystem, embedded in an exosystem, all of which are a part of the macrosystem of the culture.

3. Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model of Human Development
Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model of Human Development
We are born with NEITHER negative or positive tendencies
We are actively involved in self-development & the environment
Person & environment are BOTH in a state of flux
Nature & nurture are BOTH influential
Can have qualitative and quantitative change
Most development is NOT universal
Many dynamic contexts: Social, Historical, and Cultural
Development must be studied within social contexts
In other words, development involves a complex relationship between the individual and the various aspects of his/her environment.

4. Families
The families of your students have many structures, including blended families, where parents, children, and step-children are merged into families through remarriage.
Divorce is a common and traumatic occurrence in children’s lives. They experience many unwanted and confusing changes. The first two years are the most difficult.

5. Parenting Styles
Authoritarian—uses authority negatively (excessively controlling)
Authoritative—uses authority positively (facilitates child’s growth)
Authoritative: Control depends on needs of child
(some children need more structure &
others need less)
Permissive,
Uninvolved
Authoritarian
More control
Control
Less control
Permissive,
Uninvolved
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Expectations
High Expectations
Low Expectations
Authoritarian,Permissive,
Uninvolved
Authoritative
Positive
Child Response
Negative
Authoritative, Authoritarian,
Permissive
Uninvolved
Important
Importance of child to parent
Unimportant

6. Culture influences parenting styles
Some cultures have parenting styles that are more authoritarian (for reasons of safety, for example).
Some cultures are more indulgent in their children than other cultures.
Be aware of your own parents’ style and at the same time, recognize that whether or not someone else’s parenting is like that which you experienced, most of the time, parents have good intentions and they have good reasons for their style.

7. Vocabulary Autono-mous morality Crisis Identity achievement
Punish-ment-obedience stage
Social conventions
Vocabulary
Anorexia
nervosa
Develop-
mental
crisis
Identity
Integrity
Moral
realism
Parenting
styles
Racial and
ethnic pride
Social develop-ment
Autonomy
Distributive
justice
Identity
diffusion
Internalization
Moral
reasoning
Personal develop-ment
Relational
aggression
Social problem solving
Bioecological
model
Empathy
Identity
foreclosure
Inter-personal harmony stage
Morality of
cooperation
Perspective
taking
Self-concept
Theory
of mind
Blended
families
External morality
Industry
Law and order stage
Moratorium
Proactive
aggression
Self-esteem
Universal principles stage
Bulimia
Generativity
Initiative
Market exchange stage
Nigrescence
Psychosocial
Self-worth
Collective self-esteem
Hostile
aggression
Instrumental
aggression
Moral dilemma
Overt
aggression
Puberty
Social contract stage