1. Transformation of Matter Chapter 4 Conservation of Matter

2. Transformation All matter has the ability to transform, ie. Change There are 3 types of transformations 1.Physical 2.Chemical 3.Nuclear

3. Transformations Physical: does not modify the nature, or the characteristic properties of the matter. The atom and the molecule does not change. Chemical: does modify the nature and the characteristic properties of the matter, implies a rearrangement of the connections between atoms and the formation of new molecules. Nuclear: implies a rearrangement of particles in the nucleus and the formation of new elements

4. Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation?

5. Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas

6. Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas Emission or absorption of heat

7. Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas Emission or absorption of heat Emission of light

8. Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas Emission or absorption of heat Emission of light Color change

9. Chemical Transformation The bonds between the atoms (reactants) will break and new bonds will form elsewhere ( products). How to recognize a chemical transformation? Emission of gas Emission or absorption of heat Emission of light Color change Formation of a precipitate

10. Interpretation CH 4 (g) + 2 O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O (l) This means: Methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water SymbolPhysical State ssolid lliquid ggas aqaqueous

11. Conservation of Mass Think back… Nothing created, nothing lost, all is constant The law of conservation of mass: the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products

12. Balancing Equations When we write chemical equations we must balance, according to the law of conservation of mass Therefore take the example of the formation of ammonia N 2(g) + H 2(g) NH 3(g) Count the atoms

13. Unbalanced vs Balanced N 2(g) + H 2(g) NH 3(g) 2 Nitrogen + 2 Hydrogen 1 Nitrogen 3 Hydrogen N 2(g) + H 2(g) 2 NH 3(g) 2 Nitrogen + 2 Hydrogen 2 Nitrogen 6 Hydrogen N 2(g) + 3 H 2(g) 2 NH 3(g) 2 Nitrogen + 6 Hydrogen 2 Nitrogen 6 Hydrogen

14. Unbalanced vs Balanced CH 4(g) + O 2(g) CO 2(g) + H 2 O 1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen + 2 Oxygen 1 Carbon 2 Oxygen + 2 Hydrogen 1 Oxygen CH 4(g) + O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2 H 2 O 1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen + 2 Oxygen 1 Carbon 2 Oxygen + 4 Hydrogen 2 Oxygen CH 4(g) + 2 O 2(g) CO 2(g) + 2 H 2 O 1 Carbon + 4 Hydrogen + 4 Oxygen 1 Carbon 2 Oxygen + 4 Hydrogen 2 Oxygen

15. Photosynthesis CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l) C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + O 2 (g) What is the balanced equation?

16. Photosynthesis CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l) C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + O 2 (g) What is the balanced equation? 6CO 2 (g) + 6H 2 O (l) C 6 H 12 O 6 (s) + 6O 2 (g)

17. Acid-Base Neutralization This is a reaction where an acid and a base react to form the products salt and water Acid + Base Salt + Water Acid H + Base OH - HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O

18. Acid-Base Examples: 1. HF + KOH KF + H 2 O 2. H 2 SO 4 + Mg(OH) 2 MgSO 4 (s) + H 2 O 3. HBr + Ca(OH) 2 CaBr 2 (s) + H 2 O