1. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 1 Fast Wideband Electromagnetic Modeling of Indoor Wireless Channels Abbas Alighanbari Supervised by: Prof. Costas D. Sarris The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto

2. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 2 Introduction: - Numerical Electromagnetics Methodologies: - High-order Time-Domain Techniques (S-MRTD v.s. FDTD) Applications to Wireless Communications: - Signal Fading Predictions - Wideband Characteristics - Optimum Signal Transmission and Detection Future Work and Conclusions OUTLINE

3. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 3 Numerical Electromagnetics Method of Moments and Finite Elements RF systems wireless communications EMC compliance Time-Domain: - Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) - Multi-Resolution Time-Domain (MRTD) Frequency-Domain - Finite Element Method (FEM) - Software: HFSS, FEMLAB

4. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 4 MRTD vs FDTD : Formulation Spatial field expansion F D T D Galerkin method Pulse basis Wavelet basis Galerkin method M R T D Reference : Krumpholz et al, “A Field Theoretical Comparison of FDTD and TLM”, IEEE MTT-T, Sept. 1995

5. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 5 Spatial Sampling Functions Order-7 Deslauriers-Dubuc Scaling Function Smooth, Compact, Symmetric scaling functions Deslauriers-Dubuc Coifman Daubechies Battle-Lemmarie High-order Families:

6. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 6 Applications Microwave and Optical Circuits - RF Circuits and Antenna Design Wireless Communications - Mobile Communications - Indoor Wireless Networks - Ultra-Wideband Systems

7. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 7 Extremely narrow pulse width (less than 1ns) Low spectral power density ( Less than noise level) Low Interference to/from other wireless systems High speed multiple users High channel capacity Ultra-Wideband Wireless

8. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 8 Introduction: - Numerical Electromagnetics Methodologies: - High-order Time-Domain Techniques (S-MRTD v.s. FDTD) Applications to Wireless Communications: - Accurate Signal Fading Predictions - Wideband Characteristics and Channel Responses - Optimum Signal Transmission and Detection Future Work and Conclusions OUTLINE

9. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 9 Wideband Channel Modeling P1P1 * * P2P2 Simulated Floor plan:

10. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 10 Channel Responses S-MRTD-5 : 3hrs/11min S-MRTD-7.5: 11hrs/15min FDTD-20: 4 days (92hrs/16min) Receiving point P1 Receiving point P2

11. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 11 Error-Time Performance 4 times saving on: - CPU time - Cache Memory

12. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 12 Signal Fading Profile Conductivity= 0.002 S/m Relative Permittivity = 3 FDTD-10 S-MRTD-5 Sinusoidal steady state 12 hrs/44min52 hrs/36min

13. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 13 Signal Fading Profile Conductivity= 0.05 S/m Relative Permittivity = 3 FDTD-10S-MRTD-5 Sinusoidal steady state 12 hrs/44min52 hrs/36min

14. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 14 Signal Attenuation (Fading) LOS NLOS LOS NLOS

15. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 15 Power Profile 1

16. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 16 Power Profile 2

17. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 17 Wall Attenuation and Guiding Effects Path Loss Exponent (PLE)

18. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 18 Fading Statistics - Rayleigh Model Cumulative Density Functions NLOS points σ = rms value of the received signal

19. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 19 Conclusions Performance Analysis and Applications of S-MRTD The application of S-MRTD to Wireless Channel Modeling Fading and Statistical Properties Optimized Signal Transmission and Detection

20. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 20 Future Work Investigation of Antenna Patterns in Smart Antenna Applications Adaptive Mesh Refinement 3D Modeling of Wireless Channels

21. University of Toronto – Connection 2006 21 Thank you ! Questions/Remarks ?