1. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR SPEED-UP OF SHINKANSEN NORIMICHI KUMAGAI Ph.D. Director Railway Technical Research Institute, JAPAN EURAILSPEED 2005 Railway Technical Research Institute - ROLE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH -

2. Commercial Speeds of Shinkansen and of World Experimental Speed Records TGV 380km/h TGV 515.3km/h ICE 406.9km/h STAR21 425km/h 300X 443km/h 210km/h 220km/h 240km/h 230km/h 270km/h Tohoku ・ Joetsu Tokaido ・ Sanyo Ｗｉｎ 350 350.4km/h 300km/h 275km/h 300series 325.7km/h : Experimental records

3. Proven Technologies >Safety: Automatic Train Control New Bogie / Suspension All Electric Brake >Comfort: Airtight Cabin >Adhesion: Traction Power Dispersion New issues >Environmental Measures against: Aerodynamic Noise Aerodynamic Vibration >Energy Consumption: Light Weight Rolling Stocks >Safety against Earthquake: P-wave Detection/Alarm System Key Technologies for Shinkansen Systems First Shinkansen Over 300km/h Shinkansen

4. Experimental Analysis by Wind Tunnel 1/12 train model Newly-developed elliptical acoustic mirror Aerodynamic Noise Search for noise sources around vehicle body Sound pressure level

5. Reduction of Micro-pressure Waves Proposed basic train head to minimize micro-pressure Measurement of waves by model Pressure Tunnel Distance Train Micro- pressure wave Compression wave Tunnel entrance hood to reduce micro-pressure (69m) Micro-pressure wave propagation in tunnel Aerodynamic Noise >Measures >Phenomena

6. Aerodynamic Simulation and Experiment on Pantograph for Noise Reduction Noise level 3-Dimntional Surface pressure Fluctuation pressure Mean pressure Numerical Simulation : Wind Tunnel Test : Aerodynamic Noise

7. Running direction Tunnel Simulation of Unsteady Flow Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Force on Train in Tunnel Vortex Distribution Vortex Unsymmetrical flow causes aerodynamic lateral forces and vibration Aerodynamic Vibration

8. Semi-Active Damper Semi-Active Suspension to Reduce Aerodynamic Lateral Vibration in Tunnel Accelerometer Controller Imaginary wall Semi-Active Damper Imaginary damping force is used for control. Semi-active damper decreases aerodynamic vibration level up to 5 dB. Aerodynamic Vibration

9. Earlier Detection of P-Wave and Alarm System against Severe Earthquake S-wave: P-wave (preliminary tremor) detection Damage occurrence Seismograph Propagation of Waves P-wave S-wave Alarm within 3 seconds Earthquake Ocean Alarm Feeding Stop Alarm before damage of rail Emergency Braking Safety against Earthquake

10. Contribution of Fundamental Research to High-speed Shinkansen Over 300km/h Trainsets Conventional Trainsets Problems measures Analysis/ Simulation Experiments/ Apparatus Fundamental Research Decision Onboard test Fundamental research is very important to make decision.