1. Chapter 8, Section 2 Expanding Public Education

2. For much of the 1800s, the majority of American school-age students received about how many years of schooling?
Less than four years
2. From the late-1800s to the Present, public school education has fundamentally been under the authority of what level of government?
State-level

3. 3. Between 1865 and 1895, many States enacted laws requiring how many weeks per year of school attendance?
Around 12 to 16 weeks
4. Under such laws, what age range had to attend?
Between 8 and 14 years of age

4. 5. What subjects were emphasized in public schools?
Reading, Writing, Arithmetic
6. In 1880, about what percentage of white children attended elementary schools?
62%
7. In 1880, about what percentage of African-American children attended elementary children?
34%

5. 8. According to Andrew Carnegie, society should provide what to workers?
“…provide ladders upon which the aspiring can rise.”
9. By 1900, approximately how many Americans attended high school?
500,000

6. 10. In 1890, approximately what percentage of African-American teenagers attended high school?
Fewer than 1%
11. By 1910, approximately what percentage of African-American teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19 attended high school?
About 3%

7. 12. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, immigrant children, in addition to a primary education, also received what?
Americanization
In other words, Public Schools were institutions where immigrant children were taught and absorbed American culture

8. 13. By the early 1900s, about what percentage of American young people attended colleges and universities?
About 2.3%
Between 1880 and 1920, college enrollments more than what?
Quadrupled

9. 15. After the Civil War, what were some of the colleges created for African-Americans?
Howard, Atlanta, Fisk
16. In the view of African-American educator, Booker T. Washington, Black liberation from segregation and racism could occur when what happened?
Once Black workers received the skills necessary to compete in the economy
In short, Booker T. Washington believed that full freedom for Blacks was tied to Black economic development.
Booker T. Washington did not believe that Blacks should demand immediate liberation from segregation.

10. 17. What Alabama college did Booker T
17. What Alabama college did Booker T. Washington lead in the late 1800s?
Tuskegee Institute
This school in now Tuskegee University
18. W.E.B. DuBois was the first African-American to earn a doctorate (1895) from where?
Harvard University

11. 19. In contrast to Booker T. Washington, W. E. B
19. In contrast to Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois believed that Blacks should call for a more immediate what?
Legal and social equality
20. W.E.B. DuBois’s Niagara Movement (1905) called for what regarding Black education?
He differed from Booker T. Washington in that he called for Blacks to receive a liberal arts education in order to develop leaders to challenge the Jim Crow segregation system.