1. Planning (Types of planning, Planning process, Principles of planning, Planning machinery in Pakistan)
Lecture # 09

2. Definition and Meaning
Fritz Morstein Marx says, “Planning is preparation for action. It is the vital first step in any major administrative action. Planning is means to an end. It is the process of formulating objectives to be realized by administrative enterprise”.
John D. Millet says, “Planning is process of determining the objectives of administrative effort and devising the means calculated to achieve them”. He also says, “Planning is the simply endeavor to apply foresight to human activity, planning anticipate desired results and prepared the steps necessary for their realization”.
Those who fail to plan, actually plan to fail.

3. Types of Planning Development Planning Economic Planning
Administrative Planning

4. Planning Process
There is no one best defined process of planning. Steps involved vary from person to person and situation to situation. Steps involved in planning are not rigid. Here, Seckler Hudson steps in planning are given:
Problem definition
Exploration of information
Defining possible alternatives
Experimenting one or more tentative solutions
Evaluation
Reconsideration, readjustment or re-decision

5. Principles of Planning
Unity of plan
Continuity of plan
Timing of the plan
Suppleness of plan
Precision in planning

6. Planning Machinery
Most countries of the world have established a planning agency of one kind or another for the planning of economy and administration.
The structure, composition and the internal organization may vary from country to country but the functions they perform are almost similar. It is not the responsibility of a single agency and it requires the consent and advice of the whole representative institutions.
Planning agency is involved throughout in the planning process form formulation to implementation and then post implementation.
Head of planning agency vary in different government systems.
Staff of planning is selected from variety of specialists and generalists.

7. Planning in Pakistan Planning machinery Planning Commission
Planning and development department / Board
District Government / Zila Councils
Sanctioning Machinery
Federal Level
NEC
ECNEC
CDWP
Provincial Level
PDWP
Departmental Sub-committee
District Level
Zila Council

8. Development Planning The Colombo Plan First Five-Year Plan
Second Five-Year Plan
Third Five-Year Plan
Fourth Five-Year Plan
Fifth Five-Year Plan
Sixth Five-Year Plan
Seventh Five-Year Plan
Eight Five-Year Plan