1. Cellular Respiration

2. What is Cellular Respiration? Step-by-step breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy Produce ATP Takes place day and night in ALL LIVING CELLS

3. Cellular Respiration C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

4. Where does it occur? In the Cell  Mitochondria

5. Cellular Respiration 3 Stages 3 Stages:  Stage 1: Glycolysis O 2 not required (anaerobic)  Stage 2: Krebs Cycle O 2 required (aerobic)  Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain O 2 required (aerobic) 2 ATPs 32 ATPs

6. GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE Insert 1 Glucose 2 energy tokens (ATP) 2 energy tokens 32 energy tokens ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN - - - - - - - - reactants products GLYCOLYSIS glucose OxygenWater 2 ATP 2 NADH 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 ATP 32 ATP KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN glucose derivatives carbon dioxide carbon dioxide cytosol mitochondrion

7. Types of Cellular Respiration 1. Aerobic  Occurs in the presence of oxygen  Breaks down glucose completely  Releases large amounts energy  36 ATP

8. Types of Cellular Respiration 2. Anaerobic  Occurs when there is no oxygen available  Partially breaks down glucose  Releases very small amount of energy  2 ATP

9. Fermentation Anaerobic process that follows Glycolysis when there is NO OXYGEN Provides a means to continue producing ATP until Oxygen is available Does NOT produce and additional ATP JUST keeps GLYCOLYSIS going over & over

10. GLUCOSE Glycolysis Aerobic Respiration Fermentation (anaerobic) Kreb s Cycl e Electron Transport Chain 2 ATP ATP

11. Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation  Occurs in animal muscle cells  Produces Lactic Acid as waste  Only oxygen can get rid of lactic acid

12. Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation  Plants, Yeast & Bacteria  Ethyl alcohol is produced as waste-product  Basis of wine & beer industry  Bread making (rise)

13. Respiration vs. Photosynthesis C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy  Respiration: Photosynthesis:

14. PHOTOSYNTHESIS A.The process by which light energy is used to make simple sugars (glucose) B.Producers/Autotrophs  the type of organisms that perform photosynthesis

15. Photosynthesis Equation Light Energy + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 aka SUN + Carbon Dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen

16. Starting Materials 1.Carbon  obtained from carbon dioxide taken in from air 2.Light  from SUN 3.Water  absorbed through roots

17. PRODUCTS 1.Glucose  C 6 H 12 O 6 used for energy 2.Oxygen  released into atmosphere as waste

18. TWO STAGES A.Light Dependent Reactions 1. Requires sunlight 2. Traps light energy in chlorophyll 3. Forms ATP

19. TWO STAGES B. Calvin Cycle 1. Does NOT require sunlight 2. Glucose is made using ATP from 1 st stage

20. Plant Cell Structure Chloroplast – organelle in plant cell, site of photosynthesis

21. Plant Cell Structure Chlorophyll- pigment in chloroplast that absorbs ALL but green light

22. Microscopic view of plant cells

23. Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Energy from sun stored in glucoseEnergy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Oxygen: Produces: Requires LightDoes Not require Light Occurs only in:Occurs in:

24. Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Food (glucose) ProducedFood (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucoseEnergy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Oxygen: Produces: Requires LightDoes Not require Light Occurs only in:Occurs in:

25. PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Food (glucose) ProducedFood (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucoseEnergy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Taken InCarbon dioxide: Given Off (released) Oxygen: Produces: Requires LightDoes Not require Light Occurs only in:Occurs in: Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis

26. PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Food (glucose) ProducedFood (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucoseEnergy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Taken InCarbon dioxide: Given Off (released) Oxygen: Given Off (released)Oxygen: Taken In Produces: Requires LightDoes Not require Light Occurs only in:Occurs in: Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis

27. PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Food (glucose) ProducedFood (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucoseEnergy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Taken InCarbon dioxide: Given Off (released) Oxygen: Given Off (released)Oxygen: Taken In Produces: Sugar (glucose)Produces: Water & Carbon Dioxide Requires LightDoes Not require Light Occurs only in:Occurs in: Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis

28. PhotosynthesisCellular Respiration Food (glucose) ProducedFood (glucose) broken down Energy from sun stored in glucoseEnergy in glucose released Carbon dioxide: Taken InCarbon dioxide: Given Off (released) Oxygen: Given Off (released)Oxygen: Taken In Produces: Sugar (glucose)Produces: Water & Carbon Dioxide Requires LightDoes Not require Light Occurs only in: organisms that contain chlorophyll Occurs in: ALL living cells Cellular Respiration vs. Photosynthesis