2. How do ecosystems change over time?

5. Year 1:Pioneer Plants: Weeds

6. Year 2: Shrubs move in Year 1:Pioneer Plants: Weeds Competition!

7. Year 2: Shrubs move in Year 1:Pioneer Plants: Weeds Year 10: Pine trees dominate

8. Year 2: Shrubs move in Year 1:Pioneer Plants: Weeds Year 10: Pine trees dominate Year 20: A mixture Year 100 : Maples Dominate Maple seedlings out compete pine tree seedlings. What will happen over time?

15.  Video Video  Lichens- Every lichen is a partnership usually between a fungus and an algae. The fungus protects the alga from the harsh world outside, and provides it with water and mineral nutrients. The alga makes its own food by photosynthesis, and leaks some of this food, which is then absorbed by the fungus (which cannot make its own food).  What kind of relationship is this?

16.  Primary Succession: Volcanic islands Lichens grow on rocks and break them apart to allow plants to start growing

17.  In a natural____________, a series of changes takes place. On a bare field, the ___________ plants grow first. When one type of plant is most numerous, we call it ____________. At the end of a succession, there is a __________ community. Climax Dominant SuccessionPioneer Shrubs

18.  A. In a succession, a pine forest comes ( ) a maple forest  B. When weeds and shrubs compete in a field, the shrubs ( )  C. After ( ) plants are dominant, no more changes occur Before Win Climax

19.  1.Stage 1  2. Grasshoppers die out after stage one because the lack of grasses  3. High Trees  4. It shaded them out  5. Short-Tailed Shrew.  Info: The short-tailed shrew digs through the forest litter or tunnels in moist soil, and is active mostly during early morning and late afternoon. Its diet is principally earth-worms, snails, and insects but fungus, various invertebrates, and occasionally small vertebrate animals are also eaten.

20.  Put these pictures in successional order (if you think picture 3 is the first stage, then list it first) 1 2 3 4

21. Succession Interactions Change over time Disturbances Plant communities, and therefore animal communities, change in an ecosystem over time in response to different disturbances. This change over time is often quite predictable and usually creates a balanced ecosystem through members interacting with each other and their environment Competition Facilitation (one makes the environment better for another) Vary in extent and intensity Predictable patters Tolerance lichens - grass - shrubs - trees Not necessarily a bad thing Forest fire, tree fall, glacier movement, flood... the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time