1. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates Charles Page High School Dr. Stephen L. Cotton

2. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Which “class” of echinoderms most closely resembles the starfish “class”? Brittle stars l As the larvae of echinoderms become adults, their form changes from bilateral symmetry to radial symmetry.

3. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l The skeleton of an echinoderm is made up of plates l In echinoderms, the water vascular system is involved with what type of activities? Respiration, movement, internal transport, feeding, excretion l On which side of the starfish is the anus located? Aboral

4. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Which of the following is not a part of the echinoderm’s water vascular system: madreporite; ring canal; radial canals; skin gills l Know the construction of the water vascular system of a starfish.

5. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l What are some members of the most ancient “class” of echinoderms? Sea lilies and feather stars l Does a starfish have any specialized systems? If so, what are they? digestive l What is the function of the statocysts? Balance and right side up

6. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l What are the echinoderms that resemble warty, moving pickles? Sea cucumber l Skeletal plates are reduced to tiny vestiges inside the soft, muscular body of a sea cucumber l What kind of symmetry do the larvae of starfish have? bilateral

7. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Potential anti-cancer and anti-viral drugs are produced from chemicals extracted from starfish and sea cucumbers l Several years ago in a wide area of the Pacific Ocean, extensive damage was done to coral reefs by the sudden appearance of crown of thorns starfish

8. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l In many coastal areas, the distribution of algae is controlled by sea urchins l Which term is least closely related to the others: chordate; vertebrate; invertebrate; lancelet

9. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Only during the early part of embryonic life do most chordates have a notocord l In aquatic chordates, such as lancelets and fishes, the pharyngeal slits became the gills

10. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Unlike most chordates, lancelets lack backbones l A segmented nerve and muscle organization is found in all living ______. l Lancelets move by bending their bodies back and forth because they lack apendages

11. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Some scientists believe that the true chordate characteristic is pharyngeal pouches l What does the similarity in structure between vertebrates and invertebrates indicate about their ancestors? Common ancestor

12. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Know the examples we discussed concerning the members of each echinoderm “class” l All chordates display their distinguishing characteristics as _____.

13. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Describe the skeleton of an echinoderm. l In some species of echinoderms, gas exchange occurs through which of the following: the anus; skin gills; radial canals; statocysts

14. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Echinoderms, like many invertebrates, excrete nitrogen- containing wastes primarily in the form of ammonia l An adult starfish has radial symmetry.

15. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Certain stages in the development of echinoderms are similar to stages in the development of some chordates l What do echinoderms use their tube feet for? Feeding, respiration, elimination and movement l Heart urchins and sand dollars live hidden in burrows in mud or sand

16. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l During the day, sea urchins wedge themselves in rock crevices l Most starfish move along the ocean bottom and prey on bivalves l The spines of some sea urchins are covered with sacs containing blue poisons.

17. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l Several years ago in the Pacific Ocean, extensive damage was done to Great Barrier Reef by crown-of-thorns starfish. l In many coastal areas, the sea urchins control the distribution of algae

18. Chapter 29 Review Echinoderms l The muscles of a lancelet are arranged in paired V-shaped units.