1. ch 121 Sensation & Perception Ch. 12: Sound Localization © Takashi Yamauchi (Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University) Main topics Auditory localization Perceptual grouping

2. ch 122 Dan Levitin and his interview (NPR) http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/levitin/

3. ch 123 Visual stimuli Gestalt laws of organization

4. ch 124

5. 5 Law of similarity Similar things are put together

6. ch 126

7. 7 Do you see a spinal motion? This picture is called “Dance.” Do you see why?

8. ch 128 Morandi: cups and boxes Morandi: Matura morta II

9. ch 129 Perceptual organization Grouping in music? Demonstration –Structure in music

10. ch 1210 Demonstration Listen to music (Beethoven, symphony #5) Listen to music (Norah Jones “Don’t know why”) Listen to music (Lauryn Hill)

11. ch 1211 Sound localization Demonstration: –Where does this sound come from? –YouTube Ventriloquist (America's Got Talent) http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=- 4976377170423854180&q=ventriloquist&total=239 8&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex= 4

12. ch 1212

13. ch 1213 3 different coordinates –The horizontal coordinate –The elevation coordinate –The distance coordinate

14. ch 1214 Figure 12.2 Measurements of sound localization ability. Red squares indicate the actual sound locations, and the circles are the listeners ’ estimates of their location. Longer lines connecting the squares and circles indicates less accurate localization.

15. ch 1215 Identifying the sound source in the horizontal coordinate Interaural differences –Interaural time differences Capture the difference in the time that a sound reaches the left and right ears –Interaural level differences Capture the difference in the level of the sound intensity (sound pressure level) that a sound reaches the left and right ears

16. ch 1216

17. ch 1217 Identifying the sound source in the elevation coordinate Spectral cues –Capture the way the head and pinnae affect sound frequencies

18. ch 1218 Depending on the level of elevation, the same sound enters the ears in a different manner.

19. ch 1219 Information about distance Different sound levels Frequency –atmospheric perspective (vision) –The quality of sound (frequency) is modified by the atmosphere. Movement parallax –The nearby sound moves quickly than the far away sound. Direct sound vs. reflected sound –Nearby sound tend to be direct, distant sound tends to be indirect

20. ch 1220 The physiological basis for localization Interaural time difference detectors –E.g., a neuron that responds best when a sound reaches the left ear first and the right ear (vice versa) 1 millisecond later.

21. ch 1221 Left EarRight Ear The same time

22. ch 1222 Left EarRight Ear The same time

23. ch 1223 Left EarRight Ear The same time

24. ch 1224 Left EarRight Ear The same time

25. ch 1225 Left EarRight Ear The same time

26. ch 1226 Left EarRight Ear The same time

27. ch 1227 Left EarRight Ear Different time

28. ch 1228 Left EarRight Ear Different time

29. ch 1229 Left EarRight Ear Different time

30. ch 1230 Left EarRight Ear Different time

31. ch 1231 Left EarRight Ear Different time

32. ch 1232 Left EarRight Ear Different time

33. ch 1233 Left EarRight Ear Different time

34. ch 1234 Left EarRight Ear Different time