1. Perpetual Visualization of Particle Motion and Fluid Flow Presented by Tsui Mei Chang

2. Objectives Definition of fluid Introduction of particle systems Free Form Mesh Cell

3. Fluids Known as a gas, liquid, or plasma Physical phenomena that are well suited to particle system modeling Specifically interested in motion

4. Fluids in Motion Represent more realistic scenes Simulation Navier-Stokes equations Graphically fluid motion is more broadly defined and not limited to physical definition Cloth, hair, flocking

5. Navier-Stokes Equations Conservation of Mass Change in velocity field

6. Particle Systems Collection of particles Useful for objects that obey the laws of physics Individually store physical characteristics and rendering attributes Track particles separately

7. Free Form Particle movement independent of other particles Subject to external forces Well suited to randomized lifetimes Simplified force equations Examples: Fireworks, sparklers, fountains

8. Mesh Particles form the vertices of a grid, connected or not Captures affect of external and internal forces Spring forces Time and space trade off Examples: Flags, surface tracing

9. “Free form” Cell Combines freedom of random particles and internal forces of mesh Track only particles in a specific cell Internal forces from particles in cell and adjacent cells Examples: Smoke, rivers, contained liquids

10. Addition Algorithms Collisions: detection and response Moving around Objects State change