1. GREEK AND ROMAN ART ROMAN ART

2. Roman city-state- first beginnings 8 th century BC Expanded control in every direction Laws, religion, customs, organization and language to all areas Absorbed culture of conquered areas What they didn’t import, they copied and created Greatest contribution to art- architecture- Roman influence Arch, vault and concrete

3. ROMAN ART

4. GreekRoman StructuretemplesCivic buildings wallsCut stone blocksConcrete, ornamental Trademark formsRectangles, straight lines Circles, curved lines Column styleDoric, IonicCorinthian sculptureIdealized gods and goddesses Realistic humans, idealized officials Subject matterMythologyCivic leaders Support systemPost and lintelRounded arch, vaults

5. ROMAN ART Started with Etruscans Lack of evidence- buried under present day cities, difficult to excavate Began use of arch Master builders and town planners Porta Augusta 2 nd century BC Perugia Etruscan

6. ROMAN ART Admired bronze sculptures, even by Greeks (most likely modeled after Greek original though!) Greek toga, adopted by Romans Statuette of a Rider 450-425 BC Bronze 11 in Comacchio

7. ROMAN ART Advanced architecture to unrivaled heights Arenas, huge public baths, public forums The Pantheon- in honor of the gods (greek meaning) Creates perfect circle- 144 ft diameter, and height Coffered- waffle like ceilings Oculus- eye like opening at top for light Rain? No worries. Elaborate underground drainage system Doors original Corinthian columns

8. ROMAN ART Pantheon

9. ROMAN ART Baths at Caracalla show opulence, several pools varying temps, rooms used for libraries, offices meeting rooms, rec rooms etc Baths at Caracalla

10. ROMAN ART Basilicas- large meeting halls part of civic center in each city Later turned into churches (next week) Forums- places to chat, shop, discuss etc Forum Romanum Rome

11. ROMAN ART Trajans column column Depicted Trajan’s victory over Dacians 113 AD Rome 106-133 AD Marble

12. ROMAN ART Commemora ted victories and important people Difference bt Greeks Arch of Constantine 312-315 AD Rome

13. ROMAN ART Homes were typically 2 story affairs, garden, atrium Excellent planning and town management

14. ROMAN ART Magnificent planners- aqueducts, etc 11 aqueducts- 350 mil gal/day weather/ repairs Apr 1- Nov 1 Pont du Gard Nimes, France Triple story stone 30 miles 22,000 tons of water/ day Av use- 50 gal/day

15. ROMAN ART The Colosseum- grandest and most recognized of all Roman structures Three emperors- Vespasian, Titus and Domitian Staging of lavish spectacles 50,000 Romans could be seated inside Arches and vaults used Outer wall- 16 stories Velarium- awning- 1000 men nec.Doric, Ionic and Corinthian from ground up 76 entrances- ticketed- modern influence Statues in niches Winches and lifting tackle employed 100 meter long floor area could be filled with water for mock naval battles Used its marble for other buildings 

16. Colosseum

17. ROMAN ART Borrowed heavily, but used own people for most part Emphasized greatness of emperors Portrait sculpture- busts- predominant Head of Augustus 27 BC-14 AD Bronze Found in Sudan Prob sculpted in Egypt Let countrymen know

18. ROMAN ART Commissions to decorate homes of wealthy also shown in busts Coiffure and ornamentation Portrait of a Lady 180-200 AD Marble

19. ROMAN ART Verism- exaggerated natural truths in sculpture Head of a Roman Patrician from Otricoli c. 75-50 BCE marble

20. ROMAN ART Propaganda and politics Augustus of Primaporta 1st century BC marble 2.03 meters

21. ROMAN ART Denarius (Roman coin) Trajan in profile Dacian seated right on pile of arms, his hands bound behind him silver, c. 103-11

22. ROMAN ART Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius gilded bronze 173-76 AD Accidently not melted bc thought to be Constantine- emperer - Christianity

23. ROMAN ART Head of Constantine part of larger sculpture Large eyes- common in early Christian period Eyes carved so that shadows, not paint provide def of iris/ pupil Constantine the Great 330 AD Marble 8 ¼ ft

24. ROMAN ART Extent of painting influence on Romans not determined, not a lot left Used paintings to decorate and color interior of houses Landscapes and architecture scenes painted to serve as “windows” and open up space Portraits painted on walls to commemorate family members Done in fresco

25. ROMAN ART Woman Playing a Cithara 79 AD Fresco Life size

26. ROMAN ART Mosaic work- excelled Marble cut, polished and fitted together Floor mosaics, wall mosaics- smaller stones Young Women Exercising 4 th century AD Mosaic

27. ROMAN ART Pompeii 79 AD 20,000 inhabitants 2,000 stayed 3 days later- city buried under 25 ft of rock and ash 1748 interest in site- excavations Preserved exactly as was Vesuvius only active volcano on European mainland

28. ROMAN ART 1.Who inhabited the land that became Rome before the Romans? 2.What was the Romans greatest contribution to the art world? 3.What kinds of structures did the Romans build? Why? 4.What key architectural pieces did the Romans first utilize? 5.What is coffered? 6.What is an oculus? 7.What is a forum? 8.Why did Romans create sculpture, for what purpose? 9.What is verism? 10.Compare your height to that of the head of Constantine. Why do you think he was made the size he was? 11.Why are so many Roman wall paintings preserved in Pompeii? 12.Two words, that start with a “P”, describe the reasons for most Roman sculpture. What are they? 13.How does Trajan’s Column read like a comic book? 14.Describe the process to making a mosaic. Where were mosaics put? 15.How are the eyes of Constantine the Great different from the eyes of a lot of Greek sculpture we studied?