1. Nov. 16 & 17, 2015: SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21st century. Russian Revolution

3. Statistics from WWI NationTotal Number of servicemen in the war. Number of deaths Number of soldiers wounded Number of men taken prisoner or reported missing Austria7,800,0001,200,0003,620,0002,200,000 Britain8,904,467908,3712,090,212191,652 France8,410,0001,357,8004,266,000537,000 Germany11,000,00017,737,0004,216,0581,152,800 Italy5,615,000650,000947,000600,000 Russia12,000,0001,700,0004,950,0002,500,000 Turkey2,850,000325,000400,000250,000 U.S.4,355,000126,000234,3004,500

4. Some of the Technological Advances from WWI Tank Aircraft Machine Gun Gas used as a weapon Flamethrower Submarines (invented earlier, used more now)

5. Distributed Summarizing Could World War I have been prevented? Why or why not? Would we have had the technological advances without WWI?

6. Europe after WWI Watch and listen to the clip about Europe after World War I and discuss the questions below. http://www.the-map-as- history.com/demos/tome03/index.php http://www.the-map-as- history.com/demos/tome03/index.php Why do you think Russia signed a treaty to get out of World War I early? How did the map of Europe change after World War I? How do you think these changes affected people in Europe?

7. What was Russia like during and after WWI?...

8. Russia: A Background Nicholas II – autocratic and ineffective He ruled a country covering one-sixth of the earth’s total land surface He had massive personal wealth He was backed by an army of 1 million and secret police Political parties banned – critics ended up in prison or exile Press was censored Nicholas II (7:33 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OnTLEYbkds

9. Russia: A Background Many Russians worshipped the Tsar and peasants typically had a picture of the Tsar on a wall of their hut. His word was law He appointed his ministers But did not have to listen to them AND could ‘hire and fire’ them at will He was a true autocrat.

10. Warm-Up 11/18/15 Why do you think the Russian people started losing faith in Czar Nicholas II? Do you think that WWI would have ended sooner if Russia stayed in the war the whole time? Why or why not?

11. https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=-gQ-s8W26Lk Russia 1905 Bloody Sunday (9 min- movie clips)

14. Russia was… Only 40% ethnic Russians 80% were peasants – subsistence farmers 60%+ = illiterate Life expectancy = 40 Low tech and low investment Land ownership rare Land owned by the Commune It also organized taxes and allotted strips of land to each household

16. Causes of the Russian Revolution Widespread suffering under autocracy—a form of government in which one person, in this case the czar, has absolute power Weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II—clung to autocracy despite changing times Poor working conditions, low wages, and hazards of industrialization New revolutionary movements that believed a worker-run government should replace czarist rule Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1905), which led to rising unrest Bloody Sunday, the massacre of unarmed protestors outside the palace, in 1905 Devastation of World War I—high casualties, economic ruin, widespread hunger The March Revolution in 1917, in which soldiers who were brought in for crowd control ultimately joined labor activists in calling “Down with the autocracy!”

17. Consequences The government is taken over by the Bolshevik Party, led by V. I. Lenin; later, it will be known as the Communist Party. Farmland is distributed among farmers, and factories are given to workers. Banks are nationalized and a national council is assembled to run the economy. Russia pulls out of World War I, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, giving much land to Germany. Czarist rule ends. Nicholas II, his wife and five children are executed. Civil war, between Bolshevik (“red”) and anti-Bolshevik (“white”) forces, sweeps Russia from 1918 to 1920. Around 15 million die in conflict and the famine The Russian economy is in shambles. Industrial production drops, trade all but ceases, and skilled workers flee the country. Lenin asserts his control by cruel methods such as the Gulag, a vast and brutal network of prison camps for both criminals and political prisoners.

18. VIDEO MEDIA to SUPPORT: United Streaming video clip: Russian Revolution (9:31 min) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/?blnPreviewOnly=1 &guidAssetId=ac3fe43d-f94f-494b-916e-c53c22ac7185 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22nzopiyWx0 overview (4 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvoEFKZqT44 (10 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxNcCZ09JyA (12 min – very good explanation… but lecture style) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/?blnPreviewOnly=1 &guidAssetId=ac3fe43d-f94f-494b-916e-c53c22ac7185 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22nzopiyWx0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvoEFKZqT44 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxNcCZ09JyA