1. There’s Fungus Among Us! Where have you seen fungus lately? How has it affected you in the past? How might it affect your future?

3. Kingdom : Fungi There are 3 types of fungi: There are 3 types of fungi: –Mushrooms –Molds –Yeasts

4. How do you classify fungi? Before they were classified as plants for these reasons: Before they were classified as plants for these reasons: –Fungi cells have cell walls. –Many are multicellular. –Many grow in soil like plants do Now they are classified in separate kingdom for these reasons: Now they are classified in separate kingdom for these reasons: –No chloroplasts! –Obtain food by decomposing dead organisms and/or absorbing their nutrition –Grow well in dark, warm, wet places

5. Mushrooms 1 type of fungi 1 type of fungi You only see the reproductive portion! You only see the reproductive portion! Reproduce by spores! Reproduce by spores! CAP STALK Gills (produce spores) HYPHAE

6. Quick Quiz Name the parts of the mushroom! Name the parts of the mushroom!

7. Mushroom Parts Stalk – stemlike structure Stalk – stemlike structure Cap – umbrella shaped and on top of stalk Cap – umbrella shaped and on top of stalk Hyphae – threadlike structures that make up the body of the mushroom Hyphae – threadlike structures that make up the body of the mushroom Gills – found under the cap, this is where spores are produced Gills – found under the cap, this is where spores are produced Spores-reproductive structures of mushrooms Spores-reproductive structures of mushrooms

8. Spores are light in weight. Why? So they can be easily carried away by wind, water, or on the bodies of insects. So they can be easily carried away by wind, water, or on the bodies of insects.

9. Molds Grow on bread, fruits, vegetables, etc. Grow on bread, fruits, vegetables, etc. Look like a mass of threads Look like a mass of threads Hyphae grow along surfaces Hyphae grow along surfaces SPORE CASE – Contains SPORES! SPORANGIA – stem that holds the cap with spores (looks fuzzy)

10. Yeast Colorless, UNICELLULAR Fungi Colorless, UNICELLULAR Fungi Grow well when sugar is present Grow well when sugar is present Can undergo fermentation – use sugars to produce ATP w/out oxygen Can undergo fermentation – use sugars to produce ATP w/out oxygen –Fermentation produces carbon dioxide and ethanol alcohol. –Fermentation is used to make bread rise and is also used to produce beer and wine. CELL WALL CYTOPLASM

11. Fungi Reproduction Yeast – can perform an asexual Yeast – can perform an asexual reproduction method known as budding. Budding is when a new organism splits off of the parent. Molds and Mushrooms can perform sporulation (asexual) Molds and Mushrooms can perform sporulation (asexual) – –Type of asexual reproduction in which a new organism forms from spores released from a parent. Some fungi can reproduce Some fungi can reproduce sexually. sexually.

12. Other neat stuff about fungi! Some fungi form important mutualistic relationships with plants (mutualistic = both organisms benefit). Some fungi form important mutualistic relationships with plants (mutualistic = both organisms benefit). Some fungi are pathogenic (disease causing) in plants and animals. Some fungi are pathogenic (disease causing) in plants and animals. Penicillin is produced by a mold. Penicillin is produced by a mold. Humans use fungi to produce many foods and drinks such as blue cheese, bread, beer, and wine. Humans use fungi to produce many foods and drinks such as blue cheese, bread, beer, and wine. Most fungi in the environment act as decomposers Most fungi in the environment act as decomposers