1. IMPACT OF TORNADO ON AGRICULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD IN THE SOUTHWESTERN COASTAL REGION OF BANGLADESH www.ePowerPoint.com

2. INTRODUCTION

3.  The impacts of natural calamities on food production and food security are global concerns, but they represent a particular threat for Bangladesh.  Agriculture is already under pressure mainly due to an increasing demand of food for the vast and fast growing population.  The Aila caused devastating damages in the southwestern costal region of Bangladesh. Specially, three upazilla of Satkhira district and three upazilla of Khulna district.  Agricultural crops/biodiversity loss and means of livelihoods before and after Aila.  Among the affected areas some unions in Shyamnagar upazilla of Satkhira district has been affected seriously. www.ePowerPoint.com

4. Aims and objectives of the study The present study have been undertaken to investigate the damaged caused by the Aila and southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh specially in Shymnagor upazilla and the livelihood pattern change due to Aila in the study area with the following objectives-  To assess the impact of aila on agriculture and livelihood.  To identify the problems confronted by the aila affected respondents during and after aila. www.ePowerPoint.com

5. MATERIALS AND METHODS www.ePowerPoint.com

6. Study area  The study area is situated at 22 0 10 ’ - 22 0 16’ N and 89 0 03’- 89 0 12’ E, in a brackish water area of southwestern Bangladesh, which is administratively located in Burigoaline Union under Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira District.  River Kholpatua and Gabura Union on the east, Iwsaripur Union on the west, Autolia Union on the north and Sundarban on the south and small part of Munsigonj union.  River Chunar divide the union into two parts. The area is close to the Sundarbans mangrove forest. www.ePowerPoint.com

7. Figure 1: Map of the study area www.ePowerPoint.com

8. Questionnaire Preparation:  Draft questionnaire preparation A draft questionnaire was prepared for survey of related issue. The questionnaire contains some basic information like waste generation, economic condition, health impact, social status, ecological impact etc.  Questionnaire testing Sample questionnaire is tested among the people of study area before final questionnaire preparation to find out the problems, lacking, missing of information that need to collect.  Questionnaire finalization www.ePowerPoint.com

9. Sample Size Determination  Sample size for the study was determined by the following equation: …………….(Berensen and Levine, 1992). Where, n 0 = Sample size without considering the finite population correction factor z = 95% confidence level = 1.96 p = proportion of the population with attribute to be determined = where, households deprived from basic services = f & total household, t. d= sampling error = 10 % = 0.1 Applying the correction factor to these results in the following equation, …………….. (Berensen and Levine, 1992). Where, N = total population of the study area.  So, sample size of this study was 100. www.ePowerPoint.com

10. Data Collection Method Primary data collection :  Data were collected by using questionnaire interviews to the Aila affected people.  Aila affected farmers for questionnaire interviews were selected through random sampling method and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools like Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Secondary data collection: For conducting the study, secondary data were collected from different sources, which are as follows:  Relevant books and journals  Export Promotion Bureau (EPB)  Department of Fisheries (DoF)  Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh (2001)  Relevant thesis, reports, official records and newspapers  Unpublished data of the NGO Susilon. www.ePowerPoint.com

11. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION www.ePowerPoint.com

12. Distribution of the respondents according to their age Educational qualification of the respondents Figure 2: Distribution of the respondents according to their age Figure 3: Educational qualification of the respondents www.ePowerPoint.com

13. Profession of the respondents Fig 4: Profession of the respondents Family size of the respondents Fig 5: Family size of the respondents www.ePowerPoint.com

14. Table 1 : Extent of damage of rice caused by aila Name of the crops Area under cultivation (ha) Probable production (ton) Gain production(ton) Price (taka /ton) Extent of damage(taka) rangetotalaver age rangetotalaver age rangetotalaver age rangetotalaverage rice 0.14 - 2.86 107.1461.070.25 - 7.25 277.042.770-0.4512.30.123210004620 - 142800 553852055385.2 Table 2: Extent of damage of vegetables caused by aila Name of the crops Area under cultivation (ha) Probable production (ton) Gain production(ton) Price (taka/ ton) Extent of damage(taka) rangetotalaverag e rangetotalaverag e rangetota l averag e rangetotalaverag e Potato 0- 0.145 5.7940.0580- 0.47.950.07950-0.121.760.018225000-63001393621393.62 Brinjal 0-0.40.2470.002470-0.80.4450.00445000200000-1600890089 Cole crops 0-0.288.1950.081950-0.185.7540.057540-0.060.850.0085150000-225073560735.60 Lal sak 0-0.250.1250.00130-0.160.2540.0026000120000-632304830.48 www.ePowerPoint.com

15. Extent of damage of fruit trees caused by aila Fig 6: Extent of damage of fruit trees caused by aila Extent of damage of wood trees caused by aila Fig 7: Extent of damage of wood trees caused by aila www.ePowerPoint.com

16. Table 3: Extent of damage of trees/plants caused by aila Types of tree Before ailaAfter ailaAffected plants either died and injured Price of dead and injured trees (taka) Percentage (%) Total number AverageTotal number Average Fruit297329.73126512.6517.08110173091.81 Woody6116.111691.694.42983008.19 Total358435.84143414.3421.501200030100 Table 4: Extent of damage of shrimp and fin fishes caused by aila Name of the source No. of family Cost of cultivation(taka) Probable income(taka) Obtained income (taka) Extent of damage TotalaverageTotalaveragetotalaverageTaka Perce ntage (%) Gher275365000198703.79642000357111.112900000107407.41674200097.51 Pond621067641722193502312121403345.211720992.49 Total895471764200425.79835502360232.112921403107752.626914099100 www.ePowerPoint.com

17. Extent of damage of live stocks and poultry (duck and hen) caused by aila Fig 8: Extent of damage of live stocks and poultry Extent of damage of household assets caused by aila Fig 9: Extent of damage of household assets www.ePowerPoint.com

18. Table 5: Status of sanitation before and after aila SanitationBefore ailaAfter aila Sanitary latrine44 Pakka latrine77 Ring + slab7664 Kacha latrine 1325 Open space00 Bushy place00 Others00 Table 6: Expose to recreational media before and after aila by the affected people Types of recreationNumber of participants before aila Number of participants after aila Radio6877 Television3711 Musical entertainment337 Puppet show40 Religious summit5223 Playing game154 social entertainment9254 others157 www.ePowerPoint.com

19. Annual income of the respondents Fig 10: Annual income of the respondents Extent problem confrontation of aila Fig 11: problem confrontation of aila www.ePowerPoint.com

20. Table 7: Impact of Aila on food habit Food menu Before ailaAfter ailaChange Amount kg/day Total Cost (taka) Aver age Amount kg/day Total Cost (taka) Aver age Amount (kg/day) Cost Total Aver age Total Aver age Total Aver age Perce nt (%) Total Aver age Perce nt (%) Rice3743.74935093.503253.25877587.75- 490.4913.15755.756.15 Bread460.46101210.12360.369009.00- 100.1021.741121.1211.07 Meat140.14308030.8080.08176017.60- 60.0642.861320 13.2 0 42.86 Fish770.77500550.05520.52390039.00- 250.2532.471105 11.0 5 22.08 Egg320.321601.60230.231151.15- 90.0928.13450.4528.13 Vegeta bles 1451.45232023.201121.12201620.16- 330.3322.763043.0413.10 Fruits130.135855.8580.083603.60- 50.0538.462252.2538.46 www.ePowerPoint.com

21. Table 8: Livelihood means of the respondents and their family members related to Sundarban Name of the Profession Citation number Before AilaAfter Aila Woodman (Bawali)187 Honey collector (Mawali)79 Fisherman158 Goalpata collector112 Honey collector +Woodman42 Honey collector +fisherman61 Woodman+Goalpata collector145 Woodman+Fisherman21 Goalpata collector + Fisherman73 Honey collector +Goalpata collector +Woodman 32 Woodman+Goalpata collector +fisherman21 Honey collector +Fishman+Woodman41 Honey collector +Goalpata collector +Woodman+Fisherman 53 www.ePowerPoint.com

22. CONCLUSION

23.  The agriculture of this area has faced a devastating loss by cyclone aila. Almost all the crops are damaged and splashed away. The highest damaged by aila was observed in case of rice while the least damaged was lal sak.  The highest damaged by aila was observed in case of fruit trees (91.81%) while it was least in case of wood trees (8.19%).  The highest extent of damage was observed in case of shrimp gher (6742000 taka i.e. 97.51%) while it was least in case of fish pond (172099 taka i.e.2.49%).  Majority of the respondents (53%) fall in medium income group. After Aila it was observed that the majority (65%) of the respondents belonged to low income group.  The farmers are in need of high yield crop varieties, more technical support and scientific applications in the agricultural sectors. www.ePowerPoint.com

24. THANKS TO ALL www.ePowerPoint.com