1. Philosophy of Education
CHAPTER 8
EDF 1005
SADKER 9TH EDITION

2. Finding Your Philosophy of Education
Do I have a Philosophy of Education?
Why do I teach the way I do?
Take inventory pages & bring result to class.
Sadker 9th Edition

3. Essentialism (Teacher Centered )
Classroom
Core Curriculum
Master Then Promotion
Teacher
Intellectual Model
Moral Role Model
What Is “Basic?”
Less Is More
Single Topics
More Depth
Back to Basics
Essentials
Academic Knowledge
Patriotism
Character Development
Neoessentialism
Core Graduation Requirements
Stronger Standards
More Testing
Teachers & Students
William Bagley
E.D. Hirsch
Cultural Literacy
Sadker 8th Edition

4. Perennialism (Teacher Centered)
“Everlasting”
Enduring Themes
Questions that span the ages
Great Book
Develop Rational
Critical Thinking
Prepare
Intellectually Gifted Leaders
Often Religious
Classroom
Reading
Most Important
No Electives
Teacher
Discussion Leaders
Current Topics
Not Included
“Training the Mind”
Paideia
Core / Single Curriculum
Sadker 8th Edition

5. Progressive (Student Centered)
Less Authoritarian
Prepare Students’
For Changing Future
Learner at Center
of Educational Process
Student’s
Concerns
Curiosity
Real World Experiences
Pragmatism
If it works, do it!
Supports Democracy
John Dewey
Learn Best Through Social Interaction in the Real World
Analyze and Draw Conclusions
Standardized Tests -Not AS Important
Classroom
Laboratory School – University of Chicago
Experience
Experiment
Book Learning
No Substitute for Real Experience
Cooperative Learning
Project Approach
Scientific Method
Teacher/Facilitator
Sadker 8th Edition

6. Social Reconstructionism (Student Centered)
Classroom
Teacher introduces Topics
Student Drive Inquiry
Democratic Classroom
Projects with Real Social Value
Paulo Freire
Social Darwinism
Society sorts and more talented raise to the top
Praxis
Actions based on sound theory and practice
Teacher Competency Exam
George Counts (1920)
Dewey’s Student
Schools
Lead Social Change
Create
More Just Social Order
Social Problems
Rooted in Ignorance
Students Select Educational Objectives
Jane Roland Martin
“Schoolhomes”
3 C’s
Caring
Concern
Connection
Sadker 8th Edition

7. Existentialism (Student Centered)
Classroom
Opposite Essentialism
Create Environment
For students to “find their way”
Math/Science Not Emphasized
Learning
Self-paced
Self-directed
Sudbury Valley School
The “Individual” Determines Truth
Student
Finds Meaning and Direction of Their Lives
Adults Should Not Direct Learning
Define Life's Meaning
School Help Define
Why am I here?
What is my purpose?
Sadker 8th Edition

8. Constructivism (Psychological Influences)
Learner
Must Construct All
Knowledge
Piaget & Vygotsky
Learning
Constant Effort
Assimilate New Information
Scaffolding
Teacher Builds New
Knowledge on Prior Knowledge
Link New Knowledge to Prior Knowledge
Sadker 8th Edition

9. Behaviorism (Psychological Influences)
Free will is an Illusion
Humans Entirely Shaped by Environment
People Act in Response to Physical Stimuli
B. F. Skinner
Positive Reinforcement
Behavior Modification
Lee and Marlene Canter
Assertive Discipline
Sadker 8th Edition

10. Cultural Influences on Education
Ethnocentrism
Viewing One’s Culture of Superior to Others
Informal Education
Children Learn From Adults and Older Children
Observing, Helping, Imitating
Oral Tradition
Spoken Language Becomes Primary Method of Instruction
Sadker 8th Edition

11. Classical Western Philosophy
Socrates ( B.C.E.)
Socratic Method
Questioning Students to Think, Draw Answers
Plato ( B. C.E.)
Student of Socrates
Founded
The Academy
First University
Aristotle ( B.C.E.)
Alexander the Great
Lyceum
Highest Good – A Virtuous Life
Golden Mean
Sadker 8th Edition

12. Basic Philosophical Issues
Metaphysics
Origin & Structure of Reality
Reality of Our World
Epistemology
Nature and Origins of Human Knowledge
Materialism
Existence of only the Physical = Existence of Matter
Public School Science Curriculum
Study of Nature Through Scientific Method
Material World Is Real
Sadker 8th Edition

13. Ethics, Political Philosophy, Aesthetics, Logic
Study of Good and Bad
Political Philosophy
Past and Present Societies Are Arranged
Governed to Create Better Societies (Schools)
Aesthetics
The nature of Beauty
Logic
Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
General Rule Application
Inductive Reasoning
Generalizations Made After Specific Observations
Sadker 8th Edition

14. Eclectic Philosophy Yes
Changes With Experience and Situations and Students
Ask Field Experience Teacher if Her/His Philosophy
Has Changed
Sadker 8th Edition