1. From Republic to Empire After the fall of Julius Caesar

2. The End of the Republic After Caesar’s assassination two great leaders emerged. Caesar’s former assistant Marc Antony and Caesar’s adopted son Octavian, aka Augustus, took control.

3. Antony and Octavian Step 1: Punish Caesar’s murders and avenge his death with support from the people. Antony gives great speech and military attacks murders 42 BC army caught some of the killers and murdered them in Philippi and the others were so scared they killed themselves.

4. Octavian Becomes Emperor Octavian and Augustus were fighting together to control Rome. Antony married and then divorced Augustus’ sister. Augustus felt betrayed and a civil war broke out between the two. At the battle of Actium in Greece Antony escaped and killed himself because he didn’t want to be taken prisoner and Octavian became the sole ruler – princeps, first citizen. 27 BC Octavian gave up power to the Senate but in reality still controlled everything. The Senate nicknamed him Augustus – aka revered one. This marked the end of the Republic and the Beginning of the Empire.

5. Rome’s Growing Empire Augustus and Emperors to follow continued to expand Rome’s control throughout the Mediterranean to either control neighbors or for gold and resources. The Roman conquests promoted trade. The first 200 years of the Roman Empire was a time of general peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana until AD 180’s. During this time the population grew, trade increased and life improved in the provinces.

6. Questions Identify: What kinds of economic resources did Roman’s want? Recall: What areas did the Romans take over by the early 100’s?

7. Vocabulary Cicero Julius Caesar Pompey Marc Antony Augustus Pax Romana Aqueduct Romance languages Civil Law