1. Reviewing Global History and Geography- Unit 1 Section 2

2. Key People and Vocabulary Mandate of Heaven Feudalism Qin Han Dynasty Maurya Dynasty Bureaucracy Asoka Polis Aristocracy Direct Democracy Hellenistic Republic Senate Patricians Plebeians Pax Romana Law of the 12 Tables Aqueducts Silk Road

3. China (c. 1027 B.C. – A.D. 220) China was isolated from other civilizations High Mountains in the West and Southwest Gobi Desert to the North Pacific Ocean to the East Great Land Distance separated the Chinese from the Egyptians, the Middle East, and India

4. Zhou Dynasty (1027 BC – 221 BC) Dynasty which lasted 800 years after overthrowing the Shang Dynasty. The Zhou rulers told the Chinese people that the God and Goddesses put them in power. They claimed a “Mandate of Heaven” Mandate of Heaven was a divine right to rule. The mandate will be claimed by ALL dynasties to come. The Chinese developed the dynastic cycle to explain the rise and fall of dynasties.

5. The Dynasty Cycle New Dynasty Brings Peace Builds Roads and Canals Gives Land to the Peasants Protects the people New Dynasty becomes… Old Dynasty Taxes people too much Stops protecting people Lets roads and canals fall apart Treats people unfairly Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven Problems Floods, earthquakes, Peasant revolts Invaders attacking Bandits attack provinces New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven

6. Characteristics of the Zhou A Feudal Government- Under this system local Lords controlled their own lands but owed military service to the ruler. Over time, feudal lords held the real power. Economy- The Chinese were the first to use money. Trade expanded with the development of new roads and canals built by feudal lords. The Zhou’s were the first to develop books, they studied the planets, developed an accurate calendar, and they were the first to discover how to make silk.

7. Qin Dynasty (221 BC – 206 BC) The leader of Qin people claimed a Mandate of Heaven and overthrew the Zhou Dynasty. The leader named himself “Shi Huangdi” or “First Emperor? He abolished feudalism and divided China by military district. He created national coins He promoted uniformity in Chinese writing He repaired roads and canals

8. The greatest project undertook by Shi Huangdi was the building of the “Great Wall of China” Built to keep invaders out 4,160 miles long Largest structure ever built by man Over 2 to 3 million Chinese died building this wall which took centuries to complete Major tourist attraction for China. Millions of people visit different parts of the wall each year.

12. The Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220) Lasted for over 400 years after being started by a peasant leader named Liu Bang. He took the name Gao Zu after overthrowing the Qin Dynasty after Shi Huangdi died. In 141 BC the Chinese developed the Civil Service System which required examinations for government jobs. Women could not take these examinations because they were considered inferior to men. Were the first to make paper from wood, invented the wheelbarrow and the fishing reel. They were the first to use anesthesia. Jade became very popular with craftspeople.

13. Confucius taught: People are naturally good. Education should be the road to advancement in society. To ensure social order, the individual must find and accept his or her proper place in society Superior Ruler, Husband, Father, Elder brother Inferior Subject, Wife, Son, Younger brother Takes care of and sets good examples for… Owes loyalty and obedience to…

14. India (c. 1500 BC – 185 BC) Geographic Setting Part of the Asian Continent The Northern plain is fertile because of the Indus and Ganges Rivers The Deccan Plateau is dry and sparsely populated The coastal plains along the east and west coasts is flat and good for farming, fishing, and trade

15. Mauryan Empire (321 BC – 185 BC) The first united Indian Empire A well organized and strong government. Set up a huge Bureaucracy which is a system of managing a government with many different departments run by appointed officials. Formed a secret police which treated the people harshly. Contributions of the Mauryan Empire include schools (with a high value placed on learning), libraries, and the spreading of the Buddhist religion.

16. Greece (c. 1750 BC – 133 BC) Located in southeastern Europe; Greece is made up of many mountains, isolated valleys and small islands. The Greeks became excellent sea traders but had trouble uniting because of their geography. The Greeks formed many city-states known as Polis The Greeks tried many forms of government including Aristocracy or a government ruled by landholding elites, as well as Direct Democracy is when a large number of male citizens took direct part in running the government on a daily basis The two most famous cities were Athens and Sparta

17. AthensSparta Democracy Laws made by the assembly Only male citizens served the assembly Traded with other city-states Education for boys Women were inferior Shared language Shared heroes Olympic games Same Gods and religious beliefs Monarchy with two kings Military society Trade and travel not allowed Military training for all boys Girls trained to be mothers of soldiers Women must obey men, could own property

18. Alexander the Great Hellenistic Age- Alexander the Great built an empire that included the Nile Valley, Persia, and parts of India. These conquests blended Greek culture with all of the other cultures formed the Hellenistic Age. Contributions: Philosophy- Lovers of Wisdom Literature- Greek plays based on the Gods and Goddesses Arts and Architecture- Painting and statues were lifelike. The building of the Parthenon Science- Discovered that the earth rotates on its axis and moves around the sun. Mathematics- Developed the basis for geometry

19. Alexander the Great 356 BC – 323 BC

20. The Parthenon

21. The Temple of Olympian Zeus in Athens

22. Theatre of Herodes Atticus in Athens

23. The Greek Philosophers SocratesPlatoAristotle Developed Socratic method which is the learning about beliefs and ideas by asking questions Believed government should control the lives of people Believed one strong and good leader should rule Government put him to death Divided society into three classes; workers, philosophers, and soldiers Believed people learned through reason

24. Aristotle 384 BC – 322 BC Plato and Aristotle

25. Rome (c. 509 BC – AD 476) Located in Italy, with few natural barriers allowed the Romans to united easily. The Romans established the first Republic which is a government chosen to rule by the people. The most powerful governing body was the Senate. Senators were from the upper class landholders called the Patricians. The Plebeians who were the farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders were most of the population and had little power. Men held the power over their wives and families.

26. The Roman Empire By 270 BC, Rome conquered all of Italy, Carthage, Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Asia Minor. In 48 BC, Julius Caesar came to power. After he was murdered Octavian (later known as Augustus) came to power. Beginning with Augustus, a 200 year peace was established known as Pax Romana (Roman Peace). During this time, the Roman Empire expanded further through Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia

27. Roman Contributions Law- Established the basic principles including equality under the law, right of the accused to faced those making charges against them, and the right to a defense. They also established the right of innocence until proven guilty. In 450 BC, the laws were written down and became known as the Laws of the Twelve Tables. Art and Architecture- The Romans borrowed Greek ideas. Improved the arch and dome concepts. Engineering- Built roads, bridges, harbors, and Aqueducts which carried water.