1. The Role of International Standards for National Statistical Offices Andrew Hancock Statistics New Zealand Prepared for 2013 Meeting of the UN Expert Group on International Statistical Classifications

2. Contents What are international statistical standards? What benefits do international statistical standards provide? What problems do they address? What issues and challenges do they create? 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

3. What are international statistical standards? They should be common frameworks for collecting and organising information about a particular statistical system They should facilitate exchange and comparability of statistical information between countries and agencies They may be used directly or adapted at the national level They are applied to the structure and content of data and metadata, and perhaps to the statistical production process 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

4. Definitions of International Standards (1) ‘ International standards are usually documents established by consensus and approved by a recognised body that provides for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.’ - ISO/IEC Guide 2,1996: Section 3.2 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

5. Definitions of International Standards (2) ‘ Standards refer to a comprehensive set of statistical concepts and definitions used to achieve uniform treatment of statistical issues within a survey or across surveys, and across time and space. Standards assist in maximising the effectiveness of statistical outputs and the efficiency of the production process in terms of inter- temporal, national and international comparability and coherence (i.e. the capacity for integration) of the statistics.’ - Guidelines for the Template for a Generic National Quality Assurance Framework (NQAF) 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

6. Definitions of International Standards (3) ‘ A statistical standard provides a comprehensive set of guidelines for surveys and administrative sources collecting information on a particular topic.’ - OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

7. Definitions of International Standards (4) ‘ A statistical classification is a classification having a set of discrete categories, which may be assigned to a specific variable registered in a statistical survey or in an administrative file, and used in the production and presentation of statistics.’ - UN Statistical Commission 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

8. What benefits do international statistical standards provide? Ensure a standardised and consistent approach to classifying and reporting statistical data Support policy and decision-making, inform debate and create knowledge Enable development of national standards and classifications using identical characteristics Inform government and society with statistics that are practical, relevant and impartial Facilitate international comparability 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

9. What benefits do international statistical standards provide? (2) They reduce proliferation of data that is incomplete and/or inconsistent Make official statistics more accessible Enhance the integration of administrative and statistical information reducing time and burden for national statistical offices Create flexibility to integrate and reuse data more effectively at the international level 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

10. What benefits do international statistical standards provide? (3) They facilitate international collaboration between agencies and national statistical offices Assist capability, education and knowledge sharing Enable leveraging of systems and processes to promote efficiency and save resources That they are not necessarily a ‘one-stop, fix all’ solution ie use the bits that are relevant 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

11. What problems do they address? Adoption of international standards reduces need for expensive and lengthy national reviews Should be models of best practice and informed by global consultation Meet the needs of developed and developing countries Should be suitable for adoption as is, or with minimal national adaptation 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

12. What issues and challenges do they create? Persistent and pervasive underutilisation of international statistical standards Complexity of frameworks such as SNA or SEEA and lack of relevance for smaller or developing countries No process for agreeing on where and how they will be used or implemented Lack of support by national agencies for UNSD, ILO etc to implement 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

13. What issues and challenges do they create? (2) Difficulty in understanding the need for them Difficulty in obtaining international consensus Lack of a central repository for them Time taken to review and implement Identifying the ‘official’ standard when there is a proliferation of like standards 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

14. Conclusions Need for a process to rationalise conflicting terms Need clarity about when and where to use international standards Provide support for UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics Identify new ways of developing to make it easier to adopt Identify better ways of international collaboration and discussion 2013 UN Expert Group Meeting

15. The Role of International Standards for National Statistical Offices Andrew Hancock Statistics New Zealand Prepared for 2013 Meeting of the UN Expert Group on International Statistical Classifications