1. Habitat Loss Orange County, California

2. Desertification Desertification is the conversion of grassland and savanna habitat into relatively sparse, unproductive vegetation The main cause of desertification is overgrazing by livestock

4. Rio Puerco Basin NM

5. Rio Puerco Basin 18851977

6. Rio Puerco Today

7. Overgrazing – Texas and England Left good, right overgrazed

8. Wetlands Wetlands are lands that are transitional between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

9. Freshwater Wetland Types

10. General Locations of U.S. Wetlands

12. Crane Species 1. Eurasian Crane, 2. Black-necked crane, 3. Munktrana, 4. Sandhill Crane, 5. Whooping Crane, 6. Japanese crane, 7. White-naped Crane, 8. Sarus Crane, 9. Australian Crane, 10. Siberian Crane, 11. Wattled Crane, 12. Demoiselle Crane, 13. Blue Crane, 14. Black Crowned Crane, 15. Grey Crowned Crane

13. Grey Crowned Crane

15. Habitat Fragmentation Fragmentation is the breakdown of a habitat or ecosystem into smaller patches of that habitat or ecosystem that now are isolated from each other

16. Habitat Fragmentation

17. Island Biogeography

18. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace

19. The Galapagos

20. Galapagos Tortoise

21. Galapagos Mockingbirds

22. Galapagos Mockingbirds collected by Darwin

23. Malay Archipelago

24. Beetles and Moths Collected by A.R. Wallace

25. Butterflies from Malay Archipelago

26. Sphingid Butterfly Diversity Malay Archipelago

27. Island Habitats in Baltic Sea

28. Reptile and Amphibian Species Area Curve for Caribbean Islands

29. Habitat Islands In the Great Basin Bird Species Mammal Species

30. Species Area Curve S = cA z where: S = number of species A = area of island c = constant for habitat type - forest, desert, grassland, etc. z = slope of curve

32. Ant species On New Guinea and Nearby Islands

33. Real Slopes for Species-Area Curves Oceanic islandsbirds - New Guinea islands z=0.22 beetles - West Indiesz=0.34 land plants - Channel Islandsz=0.37 Habitat islandsbirds - Andes paramo z=0.29 birds - mtns of Great Basin z=0.165 mammals - mtns of Great Basin z=0.326 inverts -caves in West Virginia z=0.72

34. Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson - originators of the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography

36. Ruffed Grouse by Audubon

37. Ruffed Grouse – male mating display

38. Apostle Islands – Lake Superior

40. Krakatau – before and after 1883 eruption

42. Aerial photo of Anak Krakatau and Krakatau

43. Krakatau today

45. Mangrove islands off the Florida coast

46. Mangrove Island Close-Up

47. Dan Simberloff on Mandolin Nick Gotelli on Guitar

48. Simberloff’s defaunation experiment on Mangroves

50. Bracken Fern

51. Bracken Fern - Australia

52. Number of species found on Bracken Fern

53. Picture Winged Drosophila

54. Picture Winged Drosophila – more than 500 species from 1 ancestor

55. http://www.pbrc.hawaii.edu/research_news/

56. Cichlid Diversity

57. African Rift Lakes

58. Cichlids from Lake Tanganyika (left) and Lake Malawi (right)