1. PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
D Jones

2. Plant Cell Types parenchyma sclerenchyma metabolism storage
contain plastids that store store starch
support with growth
sclerenchyma
support without growth
two forms
fibers (flax and hemp)
sclereids (nutshells)

3. Xylem water conducting Phloem dead at maturity food conducting
tracheids
long, thin, tapered ends
vessel elements
wider, shorter, thin walled, less tapered
Phloem
food conducting
live at maturity
sieve-tube members
Have sieve plates
companion cells

4. Tissue Systems dermal vascular ground epidermis xylem & phloem
tightly packed cells
cover and protect
vascular
xylem & phloem
transport & support
ground
mostly parenchyma
photosynthesis, storage & support
collenchyma
sclerenchyma

5. Plant Systems
roots
Stems
leaves
flowers & seeds

6. Functions of Roots absorb water and nutrients anchor plants
conduct water and nutrients
store food

7. Types of Roots fibrous roots tap roots mat of thread-like roots
just below soil surface
found in monocots
tap roots
one long root
deep into soil
found in dicots

8. Root Cross Section Monocot epidermis cortex endodermis xylem pericycle
Dicot
xylem
phloem
cortex

9. Tissue Characteristics & Functions
Cortex
Cellular spaces for aeration
Stores starch
endodermis
Tightly packed produce suberin(creates water barrier called casparian strip
Control movement of water into center of root and prevent outward movement

10. Root hairs
give surface area for absorption

11. Functions of Stems
transport materials
support
storage

12. Types of Stems Herbaceous Woody in annuals green (photosynthesize)
pliable
Woody
in perennials
have bark
inflexible

13. Stem Cross Sections monocot vessel element (xylem) air space phloem
dicot
phloem
xylem

14. Tissue functions
epidermis – produces waxy cuticle of cutin to protect from water loss
cortex – ground tissue containing chloroplasts
vascular cylinder – xylem, phloem and pith

15. Woody Stem periderm cork cambium cortex phloem pith xylem
vascular cambium

16. Tissue functions vascular cambium – produces new xylem and phloem
periderm (bark or cork)– protects from water loss
cork cambium – produces periderm
Sapwood – outermost water-conducting xylem
Heartwood – innermost supporting xylem

17. Leaf Functions
photosynthesis – food production

18. Functions of Leaves
photosynthesis

19. Types of Leaves
Simple
compound
Pinnate
palmate

20. Leaf Cross Section

21. Tissue Functions
epidermis – covered by waxy cuticle of cutin that limits water loss
palisade mesophyll – specialized for photosynthesis – tightly packed
spongy mesophyll – air spaces allow gas exchange
guard cells – open and close stomata to allow gas exchange and limit water loss
vascular bundles – transport of water and food

22. Stomata Functioning
guard cells have thicker cell walls near the stomata
when water moves into guard cells they expand and open
when water moves out the guard cells close

23. Factors that Affect Stomata
temperature – stomata close limiting water loss when the temperature is high
CO2 concentration – stomata open when CO2 is low allowing photosynthesis
day/night – stomata open during the day and close at night

24. Flowers and Seeds
reproduction

25. Flower structure

26. Functions of Flower Parts
petals – attract birds and insects
sepals – protect flower buds
stamen – male structures that produce pollen
pistil – female structures tha produce ovules

27. Seeds

28. Tissue Functions seed coat - protection Endosperm - storage
Cotyledon - storage
epicotyl – becomes shoot tip
hypocotyl – becomes shoot
radical – becomes root

29. Monocot /Dicot Comparison