1. Plant Structure and Function Chapter 31

2. Plant cells: Parenchyma Large central vacuole Storage of water Form the bulk of non- woody plants

3. Plant cells: Collenchyma Thicker cell wall – more support

4. Plant cells: Sclerenchyma Thick cell wall – support in areas that are no longer growing.

5. Dermal Tissue Systems Outside covering of the plant Epidermis is often covered by a cuticle. Openings in leaf and stem are called stomata.

6. Ground Tissue System Storage, metabolism, support.

7. Vascular Tissue System Transport and support. Xylem - water Phloem – organic materials

8. Growth in Meristems Apical Meristem – length – tips of roots and stems. Intercalary meristem – length between nodes – between the tip and base of stems & leaves Lateral meristems – increase width

9. Lateral Meristem - Secondary Growth Vascular cambium – makes more vascular tissue. Cork cambium – produces cork.

10. Roots

11. Types of roots Taproot – largest Fibrous root

12. Root Structure Root cap – makes slimy substance Root hairs Apical meristem

13. Roots Monocot Root Dicot Root

14. Root Functions Absorb water and minerals Anchor the plant Store carbohydrates (phloem)

15. Stems Node Bud – can make new shoot

16. Monocot vs. Dicot Stem

17. Woody Dicots Wood is produced from xylem Bark is produced from phloem & cork

18. Nutrient Transport Pressure – flow hypothesis

19. Explain: How does water move up the plant?

20. Water transport Cohesion Adhesion

22. Leaf Structure Stomata Mesophyll – where photosynthesis occurs. Veins

23. Leaf Function Photosynthesis, gas exchange, capture sunlight. Sun leafs – thicker, more chloroplasts. Stomata – guard cells