2. 12 The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lesson 12.1: The Lymphatic System Lesson 12.2: Nonspecific Defenses Lesson 12.3: Specific Defenses Lesson 12.4: Disorders and Diseases of the Immune System

3. Lesson 12.1 The Lymphatic System
Chapter 12: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lesson 12.1
The Lymphatic System

4. The Lymphatic System organization of the lymphatic system
lymph formation and flow
lymph drainage
lymphatic cells, tissues, and organs
lymphatic cells
lymphatic tissues
lymphatic organs

5. Organization of the Lymphatic System

6. Lymph Formation and Flow
fluid leaks out of blood vessel capillaries
about 4 liters per day
enters lymphatic capillaries
fluid is now called lymph
returns to circulatory system through lymphatic trunks

7. Lymph Drainage thoracic duct right lymphatic duct
drains legs, abdominopelvic area, left arm, and left side of the head and thorax
right lymphatic duct
drains right arm, right side of head, and right side of the thorax

8. Lymph Drainage

9. Lymphatic Cells lymphocytes macrophages T lymphocytes mature in thymus
B lymphocytes mature in bone marrow
macrophages
begin as monocytes
leave lymphatic tissue to enter surrounding tissue

10. Lymphatic Tissues mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphatic nodules
tonsils
pharyngeal
palatine
lingual
lymphatic nodules

11. Lymphatic Organs lymph nodes cleanse lymph
store and produce T and B cells

12. Lymphatic Organs spleen thymus scans and cleans blood
nursery for T cells

13. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct, tonsil, spleen. 1. drains left side of head 2. scan and clean blood 3. drains right side of head 4. palatine

14. Lesson 12.2 Nonspecific Defenses
Chapter 12: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lesson 12.2
Nonspecific Defenses

15. Nonspecific Defenses physical barriers cellular and chemical defenses
inflammatory response
fever

16. Physical Barriers skin hair
acidic secretions from sebaceous glands and sweat glands
mucous membranes

17. Cellular and Chemical Defenses
phagocytosis
engulf foreign cells and debris
neutrophils
macrophages (formerly monocytes)
exocytosis
natural killer cells
release perforins to perforate cells

18. Cellular and Chemical Defenses
complement system
classical pathway
alternative pathway
opsonization
interferons
released by virus infected cells
alpha, beta, gamma interferons

19. The Complement System

20. Inflammatory Response
promotes repair of damaged tissue
histamines and prostaglandins released
symptoms
heat
redness
swelling
pain

21. The Development of Inflammation
tissue damage occurs
intracellular contents are released from damaged cells into interstitial fluid
mast cells release histamine and other inflammatory chemicals
blood vessels dilate, blood flow increases, capillary permeability increases
clot formation occurs
scar tissue forms, replacement cells grow

22. Fever maintenance of higher than normal body temperature
activation of leukocytes and macrophages causes release of pyrogens
hypothalamus raises body temperature, causing a fever

23. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. Interferon is released by virus infected cells.
2. Pyrogens cause fever.
3. Neutrophils are not phagocytes.
4. Mucous membranes are a physical barrier.
5. Perforins engulf cells.

24. Lesson 12.3 Specific Defenses
Chapter 12: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lesson 12.3
Specific Defenses

25. Specific Defenses antigens immune system cells humoral immunity
primary and secondary immune responses
cellular immunity

26. Antigens on the surface of cells determine “self” from “nonself” cells
proteins
polysaccharides
glycolipids
nucleic acids
determine “self” from “nonself” cells

27. Immune System Cells lymphocytes MHC proteins
recognize only one antigen
clonal selection
memory cells
MHC proteins
class I
class II

28. Humoral Immunity antibody-mediated immunity plasma cells antibodies
antibodies recognize and bind to specific antigen
antibodies
also called immunoglobulins
recognize, bind to, and mark antigens
interfere with antigen function

29. Antibody Classes

30. Primary and Secondary Immune Responses
primary immune response
when first exposed
secondary immune response
memory cells respond to invader
active immunity
passive immunity
vaccination

31. Cellular Immunity

32. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: antibodies, antigen, memory cells, or vaccination.
1. A(n) _______________ is passive immunity.
2. _______________ are also called immunoglobulins.
3. Lymphocytes recognize only one _______________.
4. _______________ are part of the secondary immune response.

33. Disorders and Diseases of the Immune System
Chapter 12: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Lesson 12.4
Disorders and Diseases of the Immune System

34. Disorders and Diseases of the Immune System
cancer and lymph nodes
allergies
autoimmune disorders
HIV and AIDS

35. Cancer and Lymph Nodes rapid, unregulated cell growth metastasis
cancerous cells move within body
cancerous cells may lodge in lymph nodes

36. Allergies
inappropriately strong response to a harmless environmental antigen
exposure to allergen causes release of histamine
histamine causes allergy symptoms
runny nose, itchy eyes, anaphylaxis
anaphylaxis
immunotherapy

37. Allergies

38. Autoimmune Disorders immune system attacks own body cause unclear
examples
rheumatoid arthritis
multiple sclerosis
type I diabetes

39. HIV and AIDS HIV AIDS infects and kills helper T cells
helper T cell count falls below 200/mm3
immune system seriously weakened
patient is susceptible to opportunistic infection

40. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: metastasis, autoimmune disorder, HIV, cancer.
1. rapid, unregulated cell growth
2. cancerous cells move within the body
3. rheumatoid arthritis
4. infects and kills T cells