1. Chapter 9: The Circulatory System
Part 1
Anatomy of Blood and the Heart

2. Learning Objectives What’s in your blood? Functions of Blood Cells
Anatomy of the Heart

3. Purpose of the Circulatory System
The heart pumps blood throughout your body
Blood picks up and drops off different substances to ensure that cells have oxygen and carbon dioxide as well as other waste products are properly disposed of

4. Your Blood Considered a connective tissue
When your blood is centrifuged (spun really fast) it separates materials by density
Your blood consists of a liquid component called plasma
You blood also consists of 3 formed components
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets

5. Plasma
92% is water
8% is made of plasma proteins, salt, nutrients, urea, hormones and vitamins
3 Types of Plasma Proteins
Albumin – maintains proper osmotic pressure
Fibrinogen – helps with clotting
Immunoglobulin – AKA antibodies

6. Red Blood Cells AKA Erythrocytes
RBCs contain a protein called hemoglobin which carries oxygen
Oxyhemoglobin is bright red (makes your arteries look red)
Deoxyhemoglobin is purplish-blue (makes your veins look blue
Live for about 4 months

7. White Blood Cells AKA leukocytes Not as many WBCs as RBCs
Fight off invading microbes, bacteria, viruses
Two main types of WBCs
Granular Leukocytes
Agranular Leukocytes

8. White Blood Cell Functions Agranular Leukocytes - Lymphocytes
White Blood Cells
White Blood Cell Functions
Type of White Blood Cell
Specific Functions
Granular Leukocytes
Eosinophils
Numbers increase during allergic reactions and parasitic infections
Neutrophils
First to respond to infections - phagocytize
Basophils
Seep out of vessels at site of injury and release histamine to dilate vessels
Agranular Leukocytes - Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Form antibodies to fight infection
T lymphocytes
Destroy cells that contain foreign material
Monocytes
Mature into macrophages, engulf disease-causing microbes, stimulate other WBCs into action

9. Platelets AKA thrombocyte Tiny fragments of cells
Large cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes break into fragments which are platelets
Help the clotting process by plugging up the injured blood vessels

10. The Heart Main organ of the circulatory system
The heart is the driving force behind the movement of the blood
The pressure is generates by the pumping action, forces the blood through the vessels
The heart lies between the lungs and behind and slightly to the left of the sternum

11. Layers of the Heart
Pericardium/Pericardial Tissue: thick layer of muscle tissue and a protective membrane that folds into two layers surrounding the heart
Endothelial Tissue: endothelial tissue that lines the inside of the heart and is continuous with all your blood vessels

12. Layers of the Heart
Pericardial Cavity: Coronary vessels – blood vessels that supply the tissues of the heart with nutrients and oxygen
Myocardium: muscular layer of the heart

13. Layers of the Heart
Epicardium: inner layer of the pericardium, covers the myocardium and secretes perocardial fluid to help lubricate so tissues don’t rub together during contraction
Parietal Pericardium: outermost layer of the heart, thin, white, fibrous connective tissue that joins the major blood vessels

14. 4 Chambers of the Heart Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Interatrial Septum – wall dividing the two atria
Interventricular Septum – wall dividing the two ventricles

15. Heart Valves The heart contains several valves
Valves keep blood flowing in the right direction on the pathway and allows the right amount of blood into each chamber
The names of the valves can tell you their location or certain characteristics
Semilunar Valves - half moons
Atrioventricular Valves (AV) – between the atria and ventricles
Bicuspid Valve – 2 flaps
Tricuspid Valve – 3 flaps

16. Review Questions What are the 3 formed components of blood?
List some of the types of white blood cells
What is the name of the thin fibrous tissue that covers the heart?
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Under what conditions does blood look purplish blue?
What types of substances are carried in plasma?
What is the purpose of the circulatory system?