1. 1 RESAFE - Innovative fertiliser from urban waste, bio-char and farm residues as substitute of chemicals fertilisers Alice Dall’Ara Alessandra Strafella Selene Grilli Sergio Sangiorgi 14/12/2015 24 Month Progress Meeting ENEA premisis Faenza, RA (It) LIFE12 ENV/IT/000356 ENEA SSPT-PROMAS-TEMAF Progress Report Months 18-24

2. 2 ACTIONDATE C.1. Monitoring of organic waste and final products (B3) C.3-4-5. Monitoring of environmental benefit of Agriculture Application in Italy- Spain-Cyprus Jan-Dec’15 C.6. Monitoring of technical-socio- economic assessment of the of HQ-ORBP production July- Dec ’15 D. Communication and dissemination actions (D4,D4, D8, D9, D10, D11) Continuous E. Project managementContinuous ENEA activities

3. Samples characterization (Action B3, B5 and B5): Thermal analysis (TG and DTG) XRD analysis SEM Analysis (* specific presentation) 3 Action C.3-4-5 C.3-4-5 Monitoring of soils DATA ORGANIZATION (* specific presentation) : C.6 *LCA (* specific presentation) fertilizer properties

4. 4 Action C Atmosphere: Air with a flow rate of 100 ml/min Heating rate =10°C/min Tf = 1000°C Sample Weight ≈ 1 g Sample carrier = 3.4 ml in volume. Dried samples: t=15 h T=40 °C ENEA t=15 h T=60 °C ARPAER The Netzsch TA window software was used data processing of the results. THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS CONDITION

5. 5 Action C SAMPLES: CY PILOTS (action C3) SOIL SAMPLES - ITALIAN soils (action C3) - SPANISH soils (action C4) - CYPRIOT soils (action C5) THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS (2)

6. 6 Action C.1 (B3) CY P t0 CYPRIOT PILOT: time t0 AIR It detects a general behavior of samples: four distinct steps of weight loss 1.First step is generally due to the loss of volatile compounds and water Two step of mass loss were obtained in the range of 200–600°C which corresponds to the degradation of organic matter. 2. The first at 250–350°C corresponds to the combustion of aliphatic compounds (such as cellulose) 3.second at 350–500°C corresponds to the degradation of complex aromatic structures 4.It finds inorganic fraction raging 600- 900 °C, attributed to the carbonates thermal degradation. 1step 2step 3step 4step CYPRIOT PILOT The values of mass losses and inflection points for the samples are repeatable with good accuracy The trend is reproducible

7. 7 Action C.1 (B3) CYPRIOT PILOTS: time t0 and t90 It detects a general behaviour between the samples at t0 and t90 The shape of thermograms at t0 and t90 is similar Total mass loss is lower for sample at t90 CYPRIOT PILOTS (2)

8. 8 Action C.1 (B3) PILOT-1, PILOT-2, PILOT-3 at t90 Four different regions are detected The values of mass losses and inflection points the samples are repeatable with good accuracy The trend is reproducible AIR CYPRIOT PILOTS (3)

9. Figure: TG and DTG wet (green line) and dried (red line) ES-UOW samples Action C.3 ITALIAN SOILS ITALY BARLEYPOTATO-1POTATO-2CABBAGE SAVOY CABBAGE CONTROL t iniz MINERAL t iniz RESAFE = HQ-OBP (= High Quality- Organic Based Products) ( animal manure + biochar + compost+ VAP) t iniz RESAFE NO VAP ( animal manure + biochar + compost) t iniz RESAFE + MINERAL t iniz RESAFE NO VAP +MINERAL t iniz

10. 10 Action C.3 SOIL SAMPLES IN ITALY (2) POTATO-2 thermogram differs from the other thermograms: the plateau starts from 900°C BARLEY thermogram also presents a plateau which starts from 900°C The shape of CABBAGE and POTATO-1 thermograms is similar:  There is a difference in a mass loss starting from 300°C  Total mass loss is lower for POTATO-1 sample Notice the differences between Potato-1 and 2

11. 11 Action C.3 SOIL SAMPLES IN ITALY: POTATO-1 SOILS (1) It detects a general behavior of samples: four distinct steps of weight loss

12. 12 Action C.3 SOIL SAMPLES IN ITALY: POTATO-1 SOILS (2) The shape of all thermograms is similar For each step values of mass losses, the range is 0,5% max Inflection points for the samples are the same

13. 13 Action C.3 SOIL SAMPLES IN ITALY: POTATO-2 SOILS (1) It detects a general behavior of samples: four distinct steps of weight loss

14. 14 Action C.3 SOIL SAMPLES IN ITALY: POTATO-2 SOILS (2) The shape of all thermograms is similar For each step values of mass losses, the range is 0,3% max Inflection points for the samples are the same Unlike POTATO-1, POTATO-2 presents a great mass loss raging 800-1000 °C;  this difference is detected in the control soils too

15. Figure: TG and DTG wet (green line) and dried (red line) ES-UOW samples Action C.4 ESPAIN BARLEYPOTATOTOMATOCORNMELON CONTROL t iniz, t fin MINERAL t iniz, t fin RESAFE = HQ-OBP (= High Quality- Organic Based Products) ( animal manure + biochar + compost+ VAP) t iniz, t fin RESAFE NO VAP ( animal manure + biochar + compost) t iniz, t fin RESAFE + MINERAL t iniz, t fin RESAFE NO VAP +MINERAL t iniz, t fin SPANISH SOILS

16. 16 Action C.4 SOIL SAMPLES IN SPAIN(1) The shape of BARLEY, CORN and POTATO thermograms is similar TOMATO and MELON thermograms differ from the other thermograms  There is a difference in a mass loss starting from 300°C  Starting from 700°C, the mass loss is greater for MELON sample

17. 17 Action C.4 SOIL SAMPLES IN SPAIN: POTATO SOILS (1) It detects a general behavior of samples: four distinct steps of weight loss

18. 18 Action C.4 SOIL SAMPLES IN SPAIN: POTATO SOILS (2) CONTROL soil: the time rises all degradation steps MINERAL Soil: the behavior is similar to CONTROL soil

19. 19 Action C.4 SOIL SAMPLES IN SPAIN: POTATO SOILS (3) The mass loss of RESAFE fertilizers at t 0 and t fin is similar In the samples with VAP, there is a reduced degradation starting from 700°C T=900°C: degradation rate increases The total mass loss for samples at t 0 e t fin not differ by more than ± 2 %

20. 20 Action C.4 SOIL SAMPLES IN SPAIN: MELON SOILS (1) It detects a general behavior of samples: four distinct steps of weight loss

21. 21 Action C.4 SOIL SAMPLES IN SPAIN: MELON SOILS (2) CONTROL soil: the time rises all degradation steps; It finds a decrease in the mass loss raging 600-800 °C MINERAL Soil: the behavior is similar to CONTROL soil

22. 22 Action C.4 The shape of thermograms at t 0 is different from t fin Notice a general reduced degradation for all RESAFE samples in the time SOIL SAMPLES IN SPAIN: MELON SOILS (3)

23. Figure: TG and DTG wet (green line) and dried (red line) ES-UOW samples Action C.5 CYPRUS MELON WATER MELON CONTROL t iniz, t fin MINERAL t iniz, t fin RESAFE = HQ-OBP (= High Quality- Organic Based Products) ( animal manure + compost+ VAP) t iniz, t fin RESAFE NO VAP ( animal manure + compost) t iniz, t fin RESAFE + MINERAL t iniz, t fin RESAFE NO VAP +MINERAL t iniz, t fin CYPRIOT SOILS

24. 24 Action C.5 SOIL SAMPLES IN CYPRUS (2) The shape of MELON and W/MELON thermograms is similar There is a difference in a mass loss starting from 300°C Total mass loss is lower for W/MELON sample

25. 25 Action C.5 SOIL SAMPLES IN CYPRUS: MELON SOILS (1) It detects a general behavior of samples: four distinct steps of weight loss

26. 26 Action C.5 SOIL SAMPLES IN CYPRUS: MELON SOILS (2) CONTROL soil: the time rises all degradation steps MINERAL Soil: the behavior is different from CONTROL soil; the time decreases all degradation steps

27. 27 Action C.5 SOIL SAMPLES IN CYPRUS: MELON SOILS (3) RESAFE samples: Like CONTROL soils, the time rises all degradation steps This effect decreases with MINERAL addition The total mass loss for samples at t 0 e t fin not differ by more than ± 2,3 %

28. 28 Action C CONCLUSIONS It detects a general behavior of all soils samples: four distinct steps of weight loss All soils without fertilizer show a thermogram which identified them In CONTROL and MINERAL soils, time increases the thermal degradation In RESAFE samples this effects is not detected The RESAFE fertilizer tends to remain in the soil SOIL SAMPLES It detects a general behavior of all soils samples: four distinct steps of weight loss The values of mass losses and inflection points are repeatable with good accuracy and the trend is reproducible The shape of thermograms at t0 and t90 is similar Total mass loss is lower for sample at t90 CY PILOTS