1. Phonetics: The Sounds of Language CONSONANT SOUNDS

2. Three ways of approaching phonetics: Articulatory Phonetics: PPPPhysiological mechanism of speech production. Acoustic Phonetics: TTTThe physical properties of sound waves. Auditory Phonetics: PPPPerception of the sounds by the brain.

3. Phonetic Transcription The best-known system:  The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) IPA has been developing since 1888. The system represents each sound of human speech with a single symbol. The symbol is enclosed in brackets [ ].

4. Places of Articulation

5. Bilabial  [p], [b], [m] Labiodental  Interdental  Alveolar  [t], [d], [s], [z], [ ], [r], [n] [  ], [  ] [f], [v]

6. Places of Articulation Palatal  [  ], [  ], [t  ], [d  ], [  ] Velar  Glottal  [h] [k], [g], [  ], [w] So, how many consonant sounds are there in English Language? 24

7. P. 65, Question #5, a-g a.Alveolar : Alveolar b.Velar : Velar c.Bilabial : Velar d.Alveolar : Alveolar e.Bilabial : Alveolar f.Palatal : Palatal g.Labiodental : Glottal a.[s] : [ ] b.[k] : [  ] c.[p] : [g] d.[ ] : [r] e.[m] : [n] f.[d  ] : [  ] g.[ f ] : [h]

8. Manner of Articulation Plosive (Stop): Complete and momentary closure of airflow through the vocal tract.  [p], [t], [k], [b], [d], [g] Nasal: The airflow passes through the nasal passages.  [n], [m], [  ] Fricative: Continuous airflow through the mouth.  [f], [  ], [s], [  ], [h], [v], [  ], [z], [  ]

9. Manner of Articulation Affricate: The stop articulation is released and the tongue moves rapidly away.  [t  ], [d  ] Liquid: Air escapes through the mouth along the lowered sides of the tongue.  [ ], [r] Glide: semi-consonants.  [ j ], [w]

10. P. 65, Question #6, a-g a.Fricative : Fricative b.Stop : Stop c.Glide : Glide d.Fricative : Fricative e.Liquid : Stop f.Fricative : Fricative g.Affricate : Fricative a.[s] : [  ] b.[k] : [g] c.[w] : [ j ] d.[ f ] : [  ] e.[ ] : [t] f.[  ] : [v] g.[t  ] : [  ]