1. Apply SSS and SAS to construct triangles and solve problems. Prove triangles congruent by using SSS and SAS. Objectives

2. For example, you only need to know that two triangles have three pairs of congruent corresponding sides. This can be expressed as the following postulate.

3. Adjacent triangles share a side, so you can apply the Reflexive Property to get a pair of congruent parts. Remember!

4. Example 1: Using SSS to Prove Triangle Congruence Use SSS to explain why ∆ABC  ∆DBC. It is given that AC  DC and that AB  DB. By the Reflexive Property of Congruence, BC  BC. Therefore ∆ ABC  ∆ DBC by SSS.

5. Check It Out! Example 1 Use SSS to explain why ∆ABC  ∆CDA. It is given that AB  CD and BC  DA. By the Reflexive Property of Congruence, AC  CA. So ∆ ABC  ∆ CDA by SSS.

6. An included angle is an angle formed by two adjacent sides of a polygon.  B is the included angle between sides AB and BC.

8. The letters SAS are written in that order because the congruent angles must be between pairs of congruent corresponding sides. Caution

9. Example 2: Engineering Application The diagram shows part of the support structure for a tower. Use SAS to explain why ∆ XYZ  ∆ VWZ. It is given that XZ  VZ and that YZ  WZ. By the Vertical  s Theorem.  XZY   VZW. Therefore ∆ XYZ  ∆ VWZ by SAS.

10. Check It Out! Example 2 Use SAS to explain why ∆ ABC  ∆ DBC. It is given that BA  BD and  ABC   DBC. By the Reflexive Property of , BC  BC. So ∆ ABC  ∆ DBC by SAS.

11. Apply ASA, AAS, and HL to construct triangles and to solve problems. Prove triangles congruent by using ASA, AAS, and HL. Objectives

12. An included side is the common side of two consecutive angles in a polygon. The following postulate uses the idea of an included side.

14. included side Vocabulary Methods to Establish Component Congruence, when congruence is not given 1.If a segment is bisected, you have two congruent segments 2. If a midpoint is given you have two congruent segments 3. If you have vertical angles you have two congruent angles. 4. If you are given an angle bisector, you have two congruent angles. 5. If you have parallel lines cut by a transversal, the alternate interior angle are congruent. 6. If you have a perpendicular line, there are two congruent 90 degree angles. 7. If you are given a perpendicular bisectors, you have 4 congruent angles and two congruent segments. 8. A common or shared side is considered a set of congruent sides. 9. A common or shared angle is considered a set of congruent angles.

15. Check It Out! Example 2 Determine if you can use ASA to prove  NKL   LMN. Explain. By the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem.  KLN   MNL. NL  LN by the Reflexive Property. No other congruence relationships can be determined, so ASA cannot be applied.

16. You can use the Third Angles Theorem to prove another congruence relationship based on ASA. This theorem is Angle- Angle-Side (AAS).

17. Example 3: Using AAS to Prove Triangles Congruent Use AAS to prove the triangles congruent. Given:  X   V,  YZW   YWZ, XY  VY Prove:  XYZ   VYW

18. Check It Out! Example 3 Use AAS to prove the triangles congruent. Given: JL bisects  KLM,  K   M Prove:  JKL   JML

20. Example 4A: Applying HL Congruence Determine if you can use the HL Congruence Theorem to prove the triangles congruent. If not, tell what else you need to know. According to the diagram, the triangles are right triangles that share one leg. It is given that the hypotenuses are congruent, therefore the triangles are congruent by HL.

21. Check It Out! Example 4 Determine if you can use the HL Congruence Theorem to prove  ABC   DCB. If not, tell what else you need to know. Yes; it is given that AC  DB. BC  CB by the Reflexive Property of Congruence. Since  ABC and  DCB are right angles,  ABC and  DCB are right triangles.  ABC  DCB by HL.