2. Chapter Eight 第八章 Time: One Period 摩擦音 Friction consonants /s, z/ / ʃ, ʒ / Chapter Eight 第八章 Time: One Period 摩擦音 Friction consonants /s, z/ / ʃ, ʒ /

3. Can you read them correctly? Can you read them correctly? Jack had a rat; Sam had a cat. Jack had a rat; Sam had a cat. Sam's cat ate Jack's rat. Sam's cat ate Jack's rat. Jack asked Sam to pay for his rat. Jack asked Sam to pay for his rat. Sam said, "I'll give you my cat for your rate." Sam said, "I'll give you my cat for your rate."

4. Introduction Introduction There are ten friction consonants in English. For all of them the lung pushes air through a narrow opening where it causes friction of various kinds. Among them, /f, θ, s, ʃ, h/ are voiceless consonants while / v, ð, z, ʒ, r, / are voiced consonants. There are ten friction consonants in English. For all of them the lung pushes air through a narrow opening where it causes friction of various kinds. Among them, /f, θ, s, ʃ, h/ are voiceless consonants while / v, ð, z, ʒ, r, / are voiced consonants.

5. /s/ & /z/ They are made by raising the tip of the tongue toward the upper teeth ridge with the air coming out of the narrow passage between them They are made by raising the tip of the tongue toward the upper teeth ridge with the air coming out of the narrow passage between them Note: (Major points while producing the sound) Note: (Major points while producing the sound) Touch your side teeth with the sides of your tongue. Touch your side teeth with the sides of your tongue. Put your tongue forward Put your tongue forward Use your voice while producing /z/, but not /s/. Use your voice while producing /z/, but not /s/.

6. 舌位图 /s/ & /z/

7. /s/ /s/ sit/ stand/ rice / juice / song / stage / see / glass / city / artist / sit/ stand/ rice / juice / song / stage / see / glass / city / artist / /z/ /z/ zoo/ zip / zink / rise / dies / dozen / lazy/ always/ prize / cousin / zoo/ zip / zink / rise / dies / dozen / lazy/ always/ prize / cousin / Words

8. Phrases /s/ /s/ a silver spoon something sweet a silver spoon something sweet a special season in the grass a special season in the grass sing a song a sad story sing a song a sad story /z/ /z/ Susan’s zipper a simple design Susan’s zipper a simple design a zigzag path Seas and oceans whose desks sisters and brothers a zigzag path Seas and oceans whose desks sisters and brothers

9. Sentences /s/ Cindy collects all sorts of stamps. Seven silly skunks sighed sadly. Sam, pass me the salt please. Be sensible, Alice, it’s too expensive. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. /z/ Sally always suffers from sea-sickness when she is at sea. Those boys made a lot of noise; their cries could be heard for miles. A zoo is a park where wild animals are on public display.

10. Tongue twisters Mr. See owned a saw. And Mr. Soar owned a seesaw. Now See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw Before Soar saw See, Which made Soar sore. Had Soar seen See's saw Before See sawed Soar's seesaw, See's saw would not have sawed Soar's seesaw. So See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw. But it was sad to see Soar so sore Just because See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw!

11. Dialogue reading Mrs Smith: This parcel smells, Mrs Jones. Mrs Jones: Something’s written on it. Mrs Smith: What does it say? Mrs Jones: It says: This parcel contains six mice. Mrs Smith: Pooh! Mrs Jones: Listen! What’s in this sack? Mrs Smith: It’s making a strange hissing noise. Sack: (hisses) Ssssssssssss! Mrs Jones: Mrs Smith! It’s a sack of snakes! Mrs Smith: So it is! And what’s in this box, Mrs Jones? Mrs Jones: It’s making a buzzing sound. Box: (buzzes) Zzzzzzzzz! Mrs Smith: These are bees! Mrs Smith: A parcel of mice! And a sack of snakes! And a box of bees! This is very surprising. Mrs Jones: It’s amazing. This isn’t a ost office, Mrs Jones. It’s a zoo.

12. / ʃ / & / ʒ / The consonants / ʃ, ʒ / sounds are made by pushing out the lips, raising the tip of the tongue toward the front part of the hard palate forming a narrow channel. The consonants / ʃ, ʒ / sounds are made by pushing out the lips, raising the tip of the tongue toward the front part of the hard palate forming a narrow channel.

13. 舌位图 / ʃ / & / ʒ /

14. / ʃ / / ʃ / special / washing/ machine / fisher / sharp / special / washing/ machine / fisher / sharp / / ʒ / / ʒ / leisure / treasure / usual /invasion / measure leisure / treasure / usual /invasion / measure Words

15. Phrases & Sentences / ʃ / / ʃ / national treasures shoulder to shoulder a special occasion shorts and shirts fashionable shoes wash the sheep national treasures shoulder to shoulder a special occasion shorts and shirts fashionable shoes wash the sheep / ʒ / / ʒ / a shocking decision precious treasures harsh measures with pleasure a shocking decision precious treasures harsh measures with pleasure an unusual decision measure for measure an unusual decision measure for measure

16. / ʃ / / ʃ / Sheep shouldn’t sleep in a shack, but in a shed. Sheep shouldn’t sleep in a shack, but in a shed. Surely the sun shall shine soon.. Surely the sun shall shine soon.. She sells fish and shellfish fresh from the ocean. She sells fish and shellfish fresh from the ocean. The shop sells fashionable shorts and shirts. The shop sells fashionable shorts and shirts. / ʒ / / ʒ / She shuddered and shivered when she heard the shocking explosion. She shuddered and shivered when she heard the shocking explosion. There’s something unusual. There’s something unusual. sentences

17. Joining sounds English shops Irish sheets Danish ships Polish shirts Scottish sheep Finnish shorts Swedish shampoo Turkish sugar French champagne Spanish shoes

18. Additional information Additional information In Chinese, words do not end with / ʃ / or / ʒ /. Learners may delete these consonants when they apear in final position or may add a vowel sound. For example, the word “rush” may be pronounced “ru” or “rush-i”. In Chinese, words do not end with / ʃ / or / ʒ /. Learners may delete these consonants when they apear in final position or may add a vowel sound. For example, the word “rush” may be pronounced “ru” or “rush-i”.

19. Summary and after-class assignments Review and remember the words, phrases, sentences, tongue twisters and the chant learned in class Review and remember the words, phrases, sentences, tongue twisters and the chant learned in class Make sentences and /or advertising slogans containing the friction consonants. Make sentences and /or advertising slogans containing the friction consonants. Sing an English song Sing an English song 完成课后练习 葆青编著 高等教育出版社出版 《实用 英语语音》 P169 练习 1. P170 2 题、 3 题 P176- 178:1.2.3. 4 题 完成课后练习 葆青编著 高等教育出版社出版 《实用 英语语音》 P169 练习 1. P170 2 题、 3 题 P176- 178:1.2.3. 4 题 完成课后练习 胡文仲 祝珏 马元曦 李贺 编 外语教学 与研究出版社出版 《大学英语教程》第一册 P14:4 题 完成课后练习 胡文仲 祝珏 马元曦 李贺 编 外语教学 与研究出版社出版 《大学英语教程》第一册 P14:4 题