1. Biological Communities

2. Community Interactions Coevolution-Adjustments between members of an ecosystem Coevolution-Adjustments between members of an ecosystem Adaptations-Change that increases chance of survival Adaptations-Change that increases chance of survival Symbiosis-Two or more species “live together” Symbiosis-Two or more species “live together”

3. Predation Benefits one harms the other (+/-) Benefits one harms the other (+/-) One organism kills another for food One organism kills another for food Ex: Snake eating a mouse Ex: Snake eating a mouse

4. Parasitism Benefits one harms the other (+/-) Benefits one harms the other (+/-) One organism feeds & usually lives on or in another organism (don’t typically kill the host) One organism feeds & usually lives on or in another organism (don’t typically kill the host) Ex: parasite on marine fish Ex: parasite on marine fish

5. Mutualism Benefits both (+/+) Zebra & Bird Bee & Flower

6. Camouflage: Poor-will (left), lizard (right)

7. Aposematic (warning) coloration in a poisonous blue frog

8. Deceptive coloration: moth with "eyeballs"

9. Mimicry

10. Commensalism Benefits one & the other is neither helped or harmed (+/0) Clown fish & sea anemoneCrabs & sea anemone

11. Competition Benefits neither species (-/-) Benefits neither species (-/-) Two species directly competing for same resource Two species directly competing for same resource Niche: organism’s “job” in an ecosystem Niche: organism’s “job” in an ecosystem –What does it do? Eat? –Where does it live? Ways of dealing with competition Ways of dealing with competition –Different niches: use different resources

12. Biomes: Communities found over large areas

13. Climate: Temperature & Precipitation

14. Rain Forest: highest biodiversity Ex: Puerto Rico

15. Savannah: grasses & scattered trees, fire Ex: East Africa

16. Coniferous Forest (Taiga): cold & wet Ex: Canada

17. Tundra: permafrost, very cold, high wind, low rainfall, short vegetation Ex: Alaska

18. Desert: <30 cm rainfall/ yr

19. Temperate Grassland: (Prairies) moderate climates, rich soil

20. Temperate Deciduous Forest: Mild climates, eastern US