1. Modeling the Impact of Pollution and Predators on a Population of Northern Leopard Frogs By Kevin and Zack

2. Habitat range Lakes, streams, ponds, and marshes. Green, sometimes light brown. Mutated frogs, Minnesota, 1995. Turtles, snakes, lizards, birds. NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG

3. Life cycle of frog. Damage via pollution. Predatory animals. A MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION

4. MODELING THE FROG LIFE CYCLE Three stages. Lizards eat only adult frogs. Pollution affects all frogs. Eggs laid: ~4.1/day/adult Eggs hatching: 12 days Tadpoles maturing: 60 days Population cap: 400 for adults, 1250 overall

5. MORTALITY DUE TO POLLUTION Pollution kills: 4% tadpoles, eggs. 2% adult frogs.

6. FROGS’ PREDATORS (LIZARDS) Lizards live 4 years. Birth rate based on food. 2 frogs/lizard/day.

7. THE COMPLETED MODEL

8. POPULATIONS DURING A 1,400-DAY TRIAL Populations shoot up Lizards catch up to frogs Equilibrium reached

9. FROG MORTALITIES BY CAUSE More deaths due to pollution Lizards eat more, but only adults Pollution affects all frogs

10. Conclusion Pollution affects a population of frogs more than predators. Are there any questions? No? Great!

11. Bibliography Dunn, Kyla, “Freaky Frogs”, www.pbs.orgfrontline.online, 1998.www.pbs.orgfrontline.online Oregon State University, “Methroprene”, www.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/pips/methroprene.htmwww.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/pips/methroprene.htm, 1996 Three Teachers’ Association, “The Northern Leopard Frog”, www.alienexplorer.com/ecology/p146.htmlwww.alienexplorer.com/ecology/p146.html, 2000 Province of Nova Scotia, “Northern Leopard Frog”, http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/nature/frogs/north.htmhttp://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/nature/frogs/north.htm, 2000