1. A Velocity Field for Romania and Bulgaria Cornelia Aichhorn, Sandro Krauss (1) Günter Stangl (2) (1) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences (2) Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying

2. 2IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Contents  Investigation Area  GPS Permanent Stations  2 Networks processed by the OLG  Velocity Estimation  Normal Equation Stacking of Weekly Solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers  Processing of absolute and relative Velocities w.r.t the Eurasian Tectonic Plate  Velocity Comparison  OLG Velocities (2 Networks)  EPN Time Series Project  IERS Solutions  Velocity field for Romania and Bulgaria  Conclusions

3. 3IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Investigation Area # GPS StationCityCountry CEGMONEPNIERSCARP 1 AUT1 12619M002ThessalonikiGreece  2 BACA 11405M001BacauRomania  3 BAIA 11406M001Baia MareRomania  4 BRAI 00000M001BrailaRomania  5 BUCU 11401M001BucurestiRomania  6 CLUJ 00000M001ClujRomania  7 COST 11407M001ConstantaRomania  8 CRAI 00000M001CraiovaRomania  9 DEVA 11408M001DevaRomania  10 GRAZ 11001M002GrazAustria  11 ISTA 20807M001IstanbulTurkey  12 MATE 12734M008MateraItaly  13 MIKL 12335M001Mykolaiv,Ukraine  14 NYIR 11208M001NyirbatorHungary  15 ORAD 00000M001OradeaRomania  16 ORID 15601M001OhridMacedonia  17 OROS 11207M001OroshazaHungary  18 ROZH 00000S001RozhenBulgaria  19 SIBI 00000M001SibiuRomania  20 SOFI 11101M002SofiaBulgaria  21 SUCE 00000M001SuceavaRomania  22 TIMI 00000S001TimisoaraRomania  23 VARN 00000S001VarnaBulgaria  24 ZECK 12351M001ZelenchukskayaRussia 

4. 4IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Investigation Area  Bulgaria and Romania with Surrounding Area Results of 2 OLG networks combined

5. 5IWF/ÖAW GRAZ  CERGOP – Network (CEG) Legend investigation area compared with IERS and EPN estimated velocities Investigation Area

6. 6IWF/ÖAW GRAZ  Monitoring Oriental Network (MON) Legend investigation area compared with IERS and EPN estimated velocities Investigation Area

7. 7IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation Time series splitted at GPS week 1400 for better velocity estimation  OLG (data and analysis centre)  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers

8. 8IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation Repeatability Raw Time SeriesCleaned Time Series AUT1 12619M002AUT1 12619M000AUT1 12619M002 N [mm]2.101.881.56 E [mm]4.564.111.89 U [mm]5.425.263.11  OLG (data and analysis centre)  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers

9. 9IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation Jump in N, E and U at GPS week 1400 reduced  OLG (data and analysis centre)  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers RepeatabilityRaw TSCleaned TS N [mm]1.491.11 E [mm]1.881.43 U [mm]4.683.76

10. 10IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation Outliers at GPS weeks 1459 and 1460 eliminated RepeatabilityRaw TSCleaned TS N [mm]1.191.23 E [mm]1.321.33 U [mm]9.137.93  OLG (data and analysis centre)  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers

11. 11IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Estimation #Station#Weeks Repeatability [mm] NEU 1AUT1 12619M002611.561.893.11 2BACA 11405M0011001.142.255.22 3BAIA 11406M0011001.401.755.37 4BRAI 00000M0011471.793.615.74 5BUCU 11401M0013541.802.987.21 6CLUJ 00000M0011402.792.824.45 7COST 11407M0011322.333.956.18 8CRAI 00000M0011091.742.506.62 9DEVA 11408M0011001.611.754.30 10ISTA 20807M0013571.953.965.22 11MIKL 12335M0012581.824.527.16 12NYIR 11208M0012272.491.955.02 13ORAD 00000M0011132.112.354.55 14ORID 15601M0013363.202.016.31 15OROS 11207M0013011.481.874.50 16ROZH 00000S001531.811.713.88 17SIBI 00000M0011391.842.544.77 18SOFI 11101M0023382.762.465.09 19SUCE 00000M0011481.513.596.29 20TIMI 00000S001110.680.842.65 21VARN 00000S001892.744.346.94  OLG data and analysis centre  4 networks  weekly processing (BSW5.0)  EPN standards  NEQ-stacking of weekly solutions  Detection and Elimination of Offsets and Outliers  Processing of absolute and relative velocities w.r.t the Eurasian Tectonic Plate  VX, VY, VZ  VN, VE, VU  Quality check  repeatabiliy of coordinates  „age“ of stations

12. 12IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Comparison  Velocity Differences w.r.t the IERS Solution and the EPN Time Series Project  Absolute Velocities  VX, VY, VZ  ITRF2005  CEG, MON and EPN velocities w.r.t. IERS solution

13. 13IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Field for Romania and Bulgaria  Lateral Velocities w.r.t the Eurasian Tectonic Plate Problems  CLUJ sliding sloape  TIMI only 11 weeks

14. 14IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Velocity Field for Romania and Bulgaria  Lateral Velocities w.r.t the Eurasian Tectonic Plate Interpretation  stable in the Carpathian Mountains  rotation in the South of the Carpathian Mountains

15. 15IWF/ÖAW GRAZ Conclusions  Velocity Estimation  Quality control is very important  A lot of effort had to be spent for data preprocessing  Comparison with official solutions  More stations are required  More offical solutions are preferable  Velocity field in Romania and Bulgaria  Rotation south of the carpathian mountains comes clear  Problem is the littlt number of stations in this area  Increase Densification  HEMUS Net (more stations in Bulgaria and Greece) already included in the OLG MON-Network

16. A Velocity Field for Romania and Bulgaria THANK YOU!