1. Surface & radiological anatomy of heart & valves Dr. Sama ul Haque

2. Objectives Delineate the surface anatomy of the heart and valves. Explain the radiological anatomy of the heart.

3. Surface anatomy of the Heart Valves

4. Location of Heart

5. Surface anatomy of the heart valves Tricuspid Valve: Lies behind the right half of the sternum opposite the 4 th intercostal space. Mitral Valve: Lies behind the left half of the sternum opposite the 4 th costal cartilage.

7. Surface anatomy of the heart valves Pulmonary Valve: Lies behind the medial end of the 3 rd left costal cartilage and the adjoining part of the sternum. Aortic Valve: Lies behind the left half of the sternum opposite the 3 rd intercostal space.

9. Auscultation Areas Surface Anatomy Left

10. Radiological anatomy of the Heart

11. Essentials Before Getting Started Pathway of x-ray beam PA AP Patient Position Upright Supine

12. Erect Posture (A-P View)

13. Erect Posture (P-A View)

14. Supine Posture (A-P View)

15. Densities The big two densities are: The big two densities are: (1) WHITE - Bone (1) WHITE - Bone (2) BLACK - Air (2) BLACK - Air The others are: (3) DARK GREY- Fat (3) DARK GREY- Fat (4) GREY- Soft tissue/water (4) GREY- Soft tissue/water And if anything Man-made is on the film, it is: (5) BRIGHT WHITE - Man-made (5) BRIGHT WHITE - Man-made

16. Densities

17. X-Ray Chest

18. Heart

20. Right Border Left Border

21. Thank You