1. Lesson 5.2: Climate
*Refer to Chapters 9 & 10 in your Textbook

2. Learning Goals: I can differentiate between temperature and heat.
I can describe the importance of heat capacity and thermal inertia in the ocean.
I can explain how global warming and climate change impact our oceans.

3. Temperature VS Heat Temperature: a measurement of thermal energy
Heat: transfer of thermal energy between objects
Objects must have a difference in temp
Flows from hot to cold
Heat Temp!

4. Temperature VS Heat
Conduction: transfer of energy through direct contact
Ex. Contact between atmosphere and ocean
Convection: transfer of energy through flowing particles
Ex. Circulation in the mantle/currents
Radiation: transfer of energy through waves
Ex. Sun rays heating up ocean

5. Temperature VS Heat

6. Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity: the amount of energy required to raise the temp of a substance by 1oC
It takes a large amount of energy to raise the temp of a large body of water!

7. Thermal Inertia
Water’s high heat capacity provides the ocean with thermal inertia: which is the ability to resist temperature changes.
The land changes temp much more than the ocean!

8. Solar Heating: Incoming Solar Energy:
50% absorbed by the ocean and land
25% reflected by the atmosphere
20% absorbed by the atmosphere
5% reflected by the
ocean and land

9. Solar Heating:
Due to the Earth’s tilt 23.5o we have differential heating (different heat at different parts of the Earth), which causes our seasons.

10. Ozone Ozone: a gas layer composed of 3 oxygen atoms.
Ozone acts as a sunscreen by absorbing UV rays from the sun.
Ozone “hole” over Antarctica where it has been severely depleted.

11. Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect occurs when the atmosphere absorbs solar energy and radiates the heat back to Earth’s surface
Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would be almost 950F/ 350C colder!

12. Global Warming
A Greenhouse gas is a gas such as carbon dioxide, methane, or CFC, that prevents heat from radiating back into space.
Global Warming is the increase in Earth’s average temperature caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases.

13. Global Warming

14. Climate Climate is a global weather pattern over a long period of time
Climate is determined by many factors:
Average temp
Precipication
Wind
Latitude
Altitude
Air masses
Topographic features (mountains, rivers)

15. Climate

16. ENSO “Seesaw”
El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a shift in the tradewinds bringing warm water from the west Pacific to the east.
High pressure & drought in west
Low pressure & flooding in east
No upwelling in east = no nutrients = no fish 

17. ENSO “Seesaw”

18. Climate Effect of Marine Life
Humpback whales migration
Polar bears and declining sea ice
Decline in coral reefs