1. Do Now – Try Again…
Without looking at your notes how many body systems can you remember (write them down).
Can you name at least one major part or organ for each system? Can you do it without using your notes?
Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, immune, reproductive, endocrine, nervous.
Skin, bones, smooth muscle (digestion), heart, lungs, liver, kidney, antibodies, ovaries/testes, thyroid gland, nerves.

2. Homework and Announcements
Achieve 3000 – You choose 2 – due May 20 Baby Project – Due May 20, 2015 Body System Flash Cards / Graphic Organizer System Organs Function (what does it do?)

3. The Endocrine System Part 2
Big Changes
Ahead!
The Endocrine System Part 2

4. What are hormones again?
chemical messengers
Endocrine system secretes hormones into blood & other fluids
communicate with target cells
affect growth, puberty, metabolism

5. What triggers hormones?
External stimuli
Internal stimuli
nerves from the sensory organs
(see, hear, smell, touch, taste)
nerves and other hormones from inside the body
Nerves and various hormones act on the brain to affect the what the brain does. Such action can affect both behavior and certain control functions of the brain on the body (including feedback control on the level of hormones). External stimuli through the sense organs can also act on the brain to affect what it does.

6. nerves from hypothalamus and brainstem
Brain Reaction!
nerves from hypothalamus and brainstem
The hypothalamus controls the many gland cells in the pituitary by way of secretions from the hypothalamus that get carried by venous blood into the pituitary. Various hormones from the pituitary control many other organs that make hormones. That is why the pituitary is called the “master gland” of the body. The hypothalamus and some neurons in the brainstem supply peripheral nerves that provide automatic and subconscious control over many vital functions, such as blood-vessel diameter, rate and strength of heart beat. This system also can “turn on” the adrenal gland to make adrenalin, a true hormone that raises blood pressure, increases heart rate and strength of contraction.

7. What’s the difference between nerves and hormones?
Discuss
What’s the difference between nerves and hormones?
Why both kinds of controls?
They control in different ways. Nerve action is quick (think reflexes) and can be stopped quickly. Hormone action is slower to develop and can last a lot longer.

8. Remember, external means coming from outside of your body and internal means coming from inside of your body.

9. Response – Body’s reaction to a stimulus
Is the stimulus external, internal or a combo?
You hear a loud noise
A large dog runs toward you, growling and barking
You eat a large candy bar
You have not eaten in six hours
You have strep throat
Ask the students to classify these stimuli as external, internal, or combination of both.

10. Response – is a process Response Stimuli
A chain of events occur that lead from the stimulus to the response.
Response
Stimuli

11. Most systems are a negative feedback system.
Negative feedback – start and stop hormone production
Increased glucose is detected by receptors
that notify the brain. It sends a message
to the pancreas to produce insulin.
You eat. Glucose (sugar)
in the blood increases.
Have students locate the places where there are stimuli and responses. Note that these stimuli are internal (within the body).
Point out the places where the pancreas produces insulin when blood sugar is high, but then stops producing insulin when the blood sugar drops.
This ties into the activities of building the dog watering device and the cup demonstration activity.
Description:
A good example of negative feedback is the hormone insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is made by the pancreas. Insulin is released by the pancreas when you eat glucose (a kind of sugar). The glucose goes from your stomach to the blood. The amount of glucose in the blood goes up. The pancreas sees this high glucose level. It makes insulin and releases it into the blood. Then the insulin goes through the whole body and tells cells to take glucose out of the blood. Cells use some of this for energy. But some extra is also saved in the cells to use later. When cells take up glucose from the blood this makes the glucose level go down. The pancreas sees this and stops making insulin. When the pancreas stops sending this message (insulin), the cells in the body stop taking extra glucose out of the blood.
So the negative feedback works to keep the blood glucose level normal. If glucose is high, the pancreas makes insulin. The insulin causes the glucose to fall. Then this lower level of glucose tells the pancreas to stop making insulin.
Pancreas stops making insulin.
Insulin tells muscle and liver to take up
glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy
or store it for later. Brain reduces appetite.
Blood glucose level drops as
it is removed by the cells.

12. Diabetes
In diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Insulin is necessary for the body to be able to use glucose for energy. When you eat food, the body breaks down all of the sugars and starches into glucose, which is the basic fuel for the cells in the body. Insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can lead to diabetes complications.
In the case shown in this picture, the body produces insulin but the target cells become resistant and unresponsive to it. Diabetes can also be caused by the body not producing enough insulin. The glucose does not enter the muscle and liver cells like it should and it builds up in the blood causing complications.

13. You may want to take time to point out the risk factors for diabetes in pets and people.

14. positive feedback system – continues hormone production
pituitary gland to the uterus
hormone oxytocin causing contractions
pressure of the fetus on the cervix
sends a signal back to brain
release more oxytocin causes more contractions
fetus pushes harder on cervix more oxytocin
The system continues until birth occurs.
Vocabulary:
Fetus- The unborn baby calf
Uterus-the reproductive organ that holds the developing fetus
Cervix- the lower part of the uterus that is tightly closed until birth, upon which it opens to allow the baby to pass through to be born
Again, have students identify the stimuli and responses.
Description of picture:
An example of positive feedback is the hormone that causes childbirth (when babies are born.) The hormone that causes this is oxytocin. When the baby is ready to be born, it stretches the muscle in the cervix (the bottom of the womb.) Nerves in the cervix send a message to the pituitary. This message makes the pituitary release more oxytocin. The oxytocin then causes the muscles of the womb to contract, or squeeze. This causes more stretching in the cervix. This stretching then tells the pituitary to make even more oxytocin. So levels of oxytocin keep rising until the squeezing or contractions of the womb force the baby out. (The womb is also called the uterus.)

15. Adrenaline Progesterone Testosterone Thyroxine Insulin Cortisol
Do you know where each hormone comes from, where it acts, and what the action is? Guess first, then click each to find out.
Adrenaline
Progesterone
Testosterone
Thyroxine
Insulin
In a quiz format, ask students the following questions about each hormone:
Where does it come from?
Where does it act?
What does it do?
Have students discuss with teacher leading the discussion and clicking on the hormone links.
Cortisol
Estrogen
Done

16. Adrenaline Where it comes from: Adrenal Gland
released in high stress conditions, excitement, or fear.
Where it acts:
heart, blood vessels, eyes
What it does:
stimulates heart rate, increases blood pressure, dilates pupils
Causes "Adrenaline Rush”
'fight and flight' hormone.
Ask students why a person would need increased heart rate, blood pressure, etc. in a time of stress.
The answer is that these prepare the person to handle the stress.
Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine and is the drug in the Epipen used to treat severe allergic reactions.
Picture from:
Return to hormones slide

17. Progesterone Return to hormones slide Where it comes from:
ovary (where an egg was released)
Where it acts: uterus
What it does: controls menstruation role in pregnancy.
(One of the components of birth control pills)
Picture from:
Return to hormones slide

18. Thyroxine Where it comes from: thyroid gland Where it acts:
most cells of the body
What it does:
controls metabolism
(how energy is used) influences physical development
hypothyroidism: People may not produce enough of this hormone
Take thyroxine to treat this condition.
Picture from:
Return to hormones slide

19. Testosterone Return to hormones slide Where it comes from:
testicles, ovaries
Where it acts:
body-hair cells, muscle, reproductive structures
What it does:
development of male sexual characteristics
muscle development
other body functions
Testosterone is a steroid
a few athletes take it to “improve” performance.
doping is a very dangerous
Return to hormones slide

20. Estrogen Where it comes from: ovary Where it acts: breast tissue,
female reproductive structures
What it does:
stimulates development of female sexual characteristics
Estrogen levels can cause migraine headaches in women.
Return to hormones slide

21. Cortisol Where it comes from: adrenal gland Where it acts:
multiple tissues
What it does:
mental stimulation, breaks down fat and protein to glucose, anti-inflammation
"stress hormone” involved in response to stress and anxiety.
The adrenal gland also secretes steroids that affect mineral balance.
Picture from:
Return to hormones slide

22. Insulin Where it comes from: pancreas Where it acts: liver, muscle
fat tissue
What it does:
Insulin causes cells to take up glucose (sugar) from the blood, and stores it in the liver and muscle.
Problems with insulin can lead to diabetes.
The adrenal gland also secretes steroids that affect mineral balance.
Picture from:
Return to hormones slide

23. Summary (3-4 sentences)
What is the major role of the Endocrine System?
What are hormones?
How do hormones work?
At what times in your life do you think your Endocrine System is most active?

24. Independent Work Graphic Organizer and Index Cards
Baby Project – Get with your partner
Research online
Make a Plan
(what will your power point slides look like)
(plan out a poster or 3D model)
(are you making a video, skit, or animation?)
How are you presenting the information? Who will say what?
Put it together (15 days left until due date)
Do you need help? Have any questions?