1. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE כֹּתְבִים Qal Masculine Plural Absolute כָּתַב “he wrote”

2. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE נִשְׁאָרוֹת Nifal Feminine Plural Absolute or Construct שָׁאַר “he was left”

3. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE מְמַשְּׁלִים Piel Masculine Plural Absolute מָשַׁל “he ruled”

4. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE מַשְׁמִיעָה Hifil Feminine Singular Absolute שָׁמַע “he heard”

5. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE לְשֹׁמְרֵי בְרִיתוֹ לְ preposition: “to” Qal Participle Masculine Plural Construct שָׁמַר “he kept” “to the ones keeping his covenant”

6. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE כָּל־הָאְַנָשִׁים הַמְבַקְשִׁים אֶת־נַפְשֶׁיךָ Article: “the” Piel Masculine Plural Absolute [בקשׁ] “he sought” “All of the men who were seeking your life” Attributive Adjective

7. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE הָאְַנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה אְַשֶׁרַ מְבַקְשִׁים אֶת־נַפְשֶׁיךָ Piel Masculine Plural Absolute [בקשׁ] “he sought” “These men who are seeking your life” Predicative Adjective

8. PARTICIPLE PRACTICE אֶת־אַחַי אָנֹכִי מְבַקֵּשׁ Piel Participle Masculine Singular Absolute [בקשׁ] “he sought” “I am seeking my brothers”

9. REVIEW OF THE STRONG VERB

10. VERBS WITH PREFORMATIVES Imperfect Jussive Cohortative

14. VERBS WITHOUT PREFORMATIVES Perfect Imperative Infinitives Participles

21. י PREFORMATIVE Always Imperfect or Jussive Always 3 rd person Always masculine Both singular and plurals

24. ת PREFORMATIVE Always Imperfect or Jussive Always 2 rd person All third feminine forms Both singular and plurals

27. א PREFORMATIVE Always 1CS No sufformative = Imperfect ָה sufformative (suffix)= Cohortative

30. נ PREFORMATIVE Always 1CP No sufformative = Imperfect ָה sufformative (suffix)= Cohortative

33. SUFFORMATIVES/SUBJECT SUFFIXES ָה Usually feminine

40. DON’T FORGET THAT ָה IS THE FEMININE ENDING ON NON-VERBAL FORMS מַלְכָּה queen גְּדוֹלָה great, large אֹתָהּ her

41. ָה MAY ALSO BE MASCULINE אַתָּה 2MS Independent personal pronoun קָטַלְתָּה Certain 2MS perfects קָטְלָה 2MS alternative (emphatic) Imperatives

42. ָה MAY ALSO BE COMMON Cohortatives אֶקְטְלָה 1CS נִקְטְלָה 1CP

43. ָה AS A ה- DIRECTIVE WILL NEVER APPEAR ON A VERB אַרְצָה to(ward) the ground צָפֹנָה toward the north, northward שָׁמָיְמָה to the heavens, heavenward

44. וּ SUFFORMATIVE Always Plural Usually masculine May be common Never feminine

47. NOTE THE 3MS PRONOMINAL OBJECT ON THE VERB קְטָלַתְהוּ Qal Perfect 3MS קָטַל “he killed” 3MS Suffix “he killed him” Masculine but not plural

48. F F

49. NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS אְַנַחְנוּ 1CP Independent Personal Pronoun “we” יִקְטְלֵנוּ Qal Imperfect 3MS קָטַל “he killed” 1 CP Pronominal Object “he killed us”

50. ִי SUFFORMATIVE Always singular Usually first person May be second person

51. F

52. NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS אְַנִי 1 CS Independent Personal Pronoun “I” יִקְטְלֵנִי Qal Imperfect 3MS קָטַל “he killed” 1CS Pronominal Object “he killed me”

55. ת IN THE SUFFORMATIVE Perfect All second person forms First common singular Participle Only feminine forms Active and Passive Absolute and Construct Singular and Plural

61. נ IN THE SUFFORMATIVE Always plural Usually first person Perfect Note the pronominal forms 1CP independent personal pronoun 1CP pronominal object May be second person Always feminine Perfect Imperfect Imperative Note the pronominal forms 2FP independent personal pronoun 2FP pronominal object May be third person Always feminine Imperfect Note the pronominal forms 3FP independent personal pronoun 3FP pronominal object

63. NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS אְַנַחְנוּ 1CP Independent Personal Pronoun “we” יִקְטְלֵנוּ Qal Imperfect 3MS קָטַל “he killed” 1CP pronominal object “he killed us ”

67. NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS אַתֶּן אַתֵּנָה 2FP Independent Personal Pronouns “you” יִקְטְלוּכֶן Qal Imperfect 3MP קָטַל “he killed” 2FP pronominal object “they killed you ”

69. NOTE THE PRONOMINAL FORMS הֵן הֵנָּה 3FP Independent Personal Pronouns “them” יִקְטְלוּן Qal Imperfect 3MP קָטַל “he killed” 3FP pronominal object “they killed them ”

70. מ IN THE SUFFORMATIVE Always masculine Always plural Perfect Participle

75. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE HEBREW BINYANIM

76. THE NIFAL Prefixed נ Dagesh forte in first root consonant Prefixed ה Qames under R1

77. PREFIXED נ

80. CERTAIN INFINITIVE ABSOLUTES נִקְטֹל Infinitive Absolute

81. DAGESH FORTE IN FIRST ROOT CONSONANT

84. ALL JUSSIVES AND COHORTATIVES יִקָּטֵלJussive אִקָּטְלָהCohorative

87. PREFIXED ה

91. QAMES UNDER R1

94. ALL JUSSIVES AND COHORTATIVES יִקָּטֵלJussive אִקָּטְלָהCohorative

97. THE PIEL Dagesh in all R2s Vocal sheva under all pronominal and mode preformatives Patah under R1 In all forms except the perfect Short i-class vowel (hireq) under R1 in the perfect מ preformative on the participle

98. DAGESH IN ALL R2S

105. VOCAL SHEVA UNDER ALL PRONOMINAL AND MODE PREFORMATIVES

108. PATAH UNDER R1 NOT THE PERFECT

114. מ PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE

116. THE PUAL Dagesh forte in all R2s Vocal sheva under all pronominal and mode preformatives Qibbus under all R1s Patah under most R2s Patah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic subject suffix Patah does not appear in the participle the infinitive absolute מ preformative on the participle

117. DAGESH FORTE IN R2

124. VOCAL SHEVA UNDER ALL PRONOMINAL AND MODE PREFORMATIVES

131. QIBBUS UNDER R1

138. PATAH UNDER MOST R2S PATAH REDUCES TO SHEVA IN FORMS WITH VOCALIC SUFFIXES PATAH DOES NOT APPEAR IN THE PARTICIPLE OR INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE

145. מ PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE

147. THE HIFIL ה binyan prefix Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Aboslute, Infinitive Construct Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hifil forms when compared to the prefixed forms of the Niphal binyan Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct Silent Sheva under all R1s Patah under all binyan, mode and pronominal preformatives except for the Perfect Short i-class vowel (hireq) under the binyan preformative ה in the Perfect

148. THE HIFIL Long i-class theme vowel ( ִיor ֵ) in all but six perfect forms Perfect forms without a long i-class theme vowel: All 2 nd person forms of the perfect Both first person forms of the perfect The theme vowel in these six perfect forms is a-class (patah) מ preformative on the Participle

149. ה BINYAN PREFIX

154. SILENT SHEVA UNDER R1

161. PATAH UNDER ALL BINYAN, MODE AND PRONOMINAL PREFORMATIVES EXCEPT FOR THE PERFECT

168. LONG I-CLASS THEME VOWEL IN ALL BUT 6 PERFECT FORMS

175. מ PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE

176. THE HOPHAL ה binyan prefix Perfect, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hophal forms when compared to the ה prefixed forms of other binyanim Cf. ה prefixed Niphal forms Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct Cf. ה prefixed Hifil forms Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct

177. THE HOPHAL Qames hatuph under all binyan, mode, and pronominal preformatives Silent sheva under all R1s Patah under most R2s Patah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic subject sufformative Patah does not appear in the participle or infinitive absolute מ preformative on the Participle

178. ה BINYAN PREFIX

183. QAMES HATUPH UNDER ALL BINYAN, MODE, AND PRONOMINAL PREFORMATIVES

190. SILENT SHEVA UNDER R1

197. PATAH UNDER MOST R2S Patah reduces to a sheva in forms with a vocalic subject sufformative Patah does not appear in the participle or infinitive absolute

204. מ PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE

206. THE HITPAEL ה binyan prefix Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Absolute, Infinitive Construct Note: the distinctiveness of these ה prefixed Hitpael forms when compared to the ה prefixed forms of the other binyanim ה prefixed Nifal forms Imperative, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute ה prefixed Hifil forms Perfect, Imperative, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute ה prefixed Hophal forms Perfect, Infinitive Construct, Infinitive Absolute

207. THE HITPAEL ת binyan infix on all forms Short i-class vowel (hireq) under all binyan, state, and pronominal preformatives Silent sheva under binyan infix ת Patah under R1 Dagesh forte in R2 מ preformative on the participle Metathesis

208. ה BINYAN PREFIX + ת BINYAN INFIX ON ALL FORMS

213. SHORT I-CLASS VOWEL (HIREQ) UNDER ALL BINYAN, STATE, AND PRONOMINAL PREFORMATIVES

220. SILENT SHEVA UNDER BINYAN INFIX ת

227. PATAH UNDER R1

234. DAGESH FORTE IN R2

241. מ PREFORMATIVE ON THE PARTICIPLE

243. METATHESIS