2. Chapter 9 Review US Constitution

3. Constitution (1787) A constitution is a document that outlines the powers of government. James Madison formulated many of the ideas included in the Constitution and is known as the “Father of the Constitution.” He proposed that the U.S. government be organized in three branches: a legislative branch (Congress), an executive branch (the President) and a judicial branch (Supreme Court). The “Great Compromise” related to representation of states in the federal government. Other compromises made during the drafting process included the “three-fifths compromise” which counted slaves as three-fifths of a person when apportioning direct taxes or counting representation in the House of representatives. Another compromise related to the slave trade, which the convention agreed to end in 1808. Article VII, The Federalists, who favored a strong central government, supported the Constitution while the Anti-Federalists, who favored states’ rights and the protection of individual rights through a Bill of Rights, opposed ratification Bill of Rights (1791) The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the Constitution ratified in 1791. In several states, ratification of the Constitution was only obtained when Federalist supporters promised to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution.

4. Magna Carta 1215 granted rights to noblemen and freemen. Limited power of the king House of Burgesses 1619 The First Representative Body in the colonies; Virginia Mayflower Compact 1620 first system of self- government in America. English Bill of Rights 1689 supported a limited monarchy, gov’t based of laws made by parliament provided a system of shared power; rights given to ALL Englishmen Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 the first constitution in the American colonies; extended voting rights to non-church members and limited the powers of the governor, expanded ideas of representative government Articles of Confederation 1781 the nation’s first constitution; lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage lack of power to create a national army egislative – makes laws xecutive – enforces the law udicial – interprets the law eligion ssembly ress etition peech U.S. Constitution 1787 AMERICANAMERICAN GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

5. ec. of Ind. rticles of Confed. onstitution Founding Documents Revolution Events exington aratoga orktown Valley Forge Jamestown -1 st perm. English settlement Mayflower Compact – 1 st system of self- gov’t Declaration of Independence – Freedom from Englsih Rule Constitution –Replaced Article of Confed. New England Southern Colonies Middle Colonies US in 1783 Appalachian Mtns Mississippi R. Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing, shipbuilding, whaling subsistence farming, good soil, warm climate Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system GA SC NC VA MD DE NJ PA NY CT RI NH MA Great Lakes

6. 40. Checks and Balances is a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches. Checks and Balances Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

7. 41. Separation of Powers: system in which each branch of government has its own powers. Legislative Executive Judicial Makes Laws Executes Laws Interprets Laws Separation of Powers Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

8. 42. Republicanism is a system of representative government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them. Republicanism Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

9. 43. Federalism is the sharing of power between the states and the national government. Federalism Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

10. This is cool! Now we have a strong national government! 44. Federalists were supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government and the Bank of the United States. Federalists Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

11. 45. Anti-federalists were people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government. They also opposed the Bank of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson and George Mason were leading Anti-Federalists. “We, The People … Anti-Federalists Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

12. 46. The Federalist Papers - a series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded. We are Publius! Federalist Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

13. 47. The Legislative Branch makes the laws. The Executive Branch enforces the laws. The Judicial Branch interprets the meaning of the laws. My name is Bill Lawmaker. I veto you You are SO guilty!!! Legislative Executive Judicial Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

14. 49. The Constitution (our written plan of government) - Created: Philadelphia, 1787. Provides a strong national government with power balanced between the 3 branches. Legislative Makes the Laws Executive Enforces the Laws Judicial Interprets the Law P o w e r Power P o w e r Constitution Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

15. 52. Amend means to change. As in amend the Constitution so it works better. Amendment = change to the Constitution I can amend the Amendments ! Amend amend Amendment Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

16. 53. is passed when 2/3 of Congress (House & Senate) and ¾ of the state legislatures vote in favor of that amendment. 2/3 3/4 Constitutional Amendment Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

17. 54. The Bill of Rights - 1st ten amendments to the Constitution -- designed to protect our individual liberties. Bill of Rights Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

18. 55. The First Amendment Protects the freedom of… Religion Assembly Press Petition Speech Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

19. 56. The 2nd Amen – “A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” 2 nd Amendment I sure wish I had a gun! Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction I have the right to bear arms! Grrrr!

20. Addressed the grievance of the Quartering Act 57. The 3rd Amendment - "No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law." This place looks great!! I think I’ll move in. 3 rd Amendment Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

21. 8th Amendment - “ Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, no cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” 58. Due process – how laws are enforced fairly… For example… 4th Amendment - no illegal search or seizure. 5th Amendment - no self-incrimination, no double jeopardy, and no loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. 6th Amendment - the right to a speedy trial, a lawyer, to cross examine witnesses, and the right to force witnesses at a trial to testify. 7th Amendment - the right to a jury trial in civil suits. Due process Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

22. 59. The 9th Amendment - “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.” WOW!! That means I get even more rights than what is in the Bill of Rights?!?!? That Flippin’ Rocks!! 9 th Amendment: You must right this down too! Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

23. 60. The 10th Amendment – “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” Meaning… 10 th Amendment Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction