1. Chapter Two Measurements In Chemistry

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 2 © Richard Hamilton Smith/Corbis Outline Measurements in Chemistry → CO 2.1 Measurements can never be exact; there is always some uncertainty.

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 3 ←Fig. 2.1 Metric system units are becoming increasingly evident on highway signs. Measurements in Chemistry cont’d David Frazier/Photo Researchers

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 4  Table 2.1 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 5 → Fig. 2.2 Comparisons of the base metric system units of length, mass, and volume with common objects. Measurements in Chemistry cont’d E.R. Degginger

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 6 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d ←Fig. 2.3 A cube 10 cm on a side is equal to 1 L; a cube 1 cm on a side is equal to 1 mL.

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 7 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d →Fig. 2.4 The use of the concentration unit milligrams per deciliteris common in clinical laboratory reports dealing with the composition of human body fluids.

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 8 ←Fig 2.5 The scale on a measuring device determines the magnitude of the uncertainty for the recorded measurement. Measurements in Chemistry cont’d

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 9 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d CAG

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 10 → Fig. 2.6 The digital readout on an electronic calculator usually shows more digits than are needed. Measurements in Chemistry cont’d

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 11 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d ←Fig. 2.7 It is experimentally determined that 1 inch equals 2.54 cm, or 1 cm equals 0.394 inch

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 12 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d ←Table 2.2

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 13 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d  CAG 2.1

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 14 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d →Fig. 2.8 Both of these items have a mass of 23 grams, but they have very different volumes; therefore, their densities are different as well.

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 15 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d →Table 2.3

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 16 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d ←Fig. 2.9 The penny is less dense than the mercury it floats on.

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 17 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d  CC 2.1

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 18 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d →Table 2.4

19. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.2 | 19 Measurements in Chemistry cont’d →Fig 2.10 The relationships among the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit temperature scales are determined by the degree sizes and the reference point values.