1. Training Mature Fruit Trees MSU Fruit Team Michigan State University Extension Educators for Horticultural & Marketing

2. Tree Fruit Pruning - Renovation

3. Maintenance pruning

4. Pruning Bearing Fruit Trees Upright: generally too vigorous Hanging: generally shaded, poor quality fruit upright hanging lateral

5. Rejuvenate? Just enjoy it, and plant the replacement

6. Neglected apple Poor quality shaded fruit overhanging “umbrella”

7. Remove upright limbs but keep “boss” limbs above the cut point to control regrowth at cut point

8. Renovating - spring year 1 -- before

9. Renovating - spring year 1 -- after

10. spring year 1,after cutting Keep upright limbs to control point of major cut

11. Spring year 2, before cutting Goal: remove excess side branches from scaffolds

12. Spring year 2, after cutting

13. Neglected apple 1 - before cut

14. Neglected apple 1 - after cut

15. Neglected apple #2 - before cut

16. Neglected apple #2 - after cut

17. Central leader apple before cut

18. Central leader apple after cut

20. Espalier (e spal’ yar)

21. Candelabra

22. Espalier - 3 designs Horizontal Cordon Candelabra Belgium fence

23. Heading and bending for espalier system Building espalier - source “Fine Gardening

24. Horizontal cordon espalier

25. Building espalier - source “Fine Gardening

26. Building espalier continued - source “Fine Gardening

27. Free-form espalier