1. TOPIC: In Depth Study - Russia – Intro to 1905 KD: Read page 98. 1. Who was the Tsar in 1894 (replacing Alexander III from 1881 to Nov 1, 1894 – and ruled until March 15, 1917) ? What did the people of Russia call him? 2. Discuss the similarities between Russia in 1900 and France in 1789. 3. Read his profile on page 99. What made him seem like a poor selection for Tsar? 4. What six groups made up the social structure in Russia by 1900? 5. Read pages 2 – 3 from white book. Make a list of reasons why Russia was difficult to govern in 1900. HW: Complete the KD questions.

2. Russia TOPIC: In Depth Study - Russia – Intro to 1905 1. Tsar on October 20, 1894: Nicholas Romanov II ‘the Little Father’ 2. Similarities between Russia in 1900 and France in 1789: 3. Profile on page 99. Poor selection for Tsar: Regularly rejected reform requests An ineffective ruler – couldn’t concentrate on the business of being Tsar. Did not understand the changes Russia was experiencing. 4. What groups made up the social structure in Russia by 1900? Tsar and Royal family, Church, Army, Aristocracy, Middle Class, Working Class and Peasants in the Countryside

3. Russia TOPIC: In Depth Study - Russia – Intro to 1905 5. White book - reasons why Russia was difficult to govern in 1900. It was a vast empire spanning two continents (4,000 X 2,000). Communication and Transportation was difficult and limited.   Few paved roads – turning to mud after rain and snow.   Travel by road was slow and often impassable.   Relied heavily on river transport (Volga) but restricted in winter.   Trans-Siberian railway (1904) but it took a week to travel to Pacific coast.   Russia had only as many miles of track as Britain in 1900 (100 X) Had a range of landscapes – tundra, impenetrable forests and deserts.   Limited farming land Russification illiterateThe diverse population – less than half of the 130 million people were Russian and the other national groups resented Russian control (‘Russification ’). Most were illiterate. Governing the empire – civil servants were used to carry out orders, so things were done slowly (with bribery and corruption common). N T E W Y E A I

4. Russia TOPIC: In Depth Study - Russia – Intro to 1905 5. Reasons why Russia was difficult to govern: In 1905 Russia was a vast but backward country. Its industry was under-developed. Its people were poor and uneducated. It was ruled by a Tsar who had complete power. Over the next 40 years it was transformed into a modern superpower.

5. SOURCE 2 Russia and its population in 1900.

6. DATE: Nov 2 - 4, 2014 TOPIC: In Depth Study - Russia – Intro to 1905 Was the Tsar able to effectively govern Russia by 1905? REVIEW: N T E W Y E A I OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain how the Tsarist regime dealt with the difficulties of ruling Russia up to 1914. KD: 1. What was ‘Russification’? p. 5 2. Identify the following: Illiterate – p. 4 Cossacks – p. 4Serfs – p. 6 Autocrat – p. 10Okhrana – p. 10Dissidents – p. 10 Orthodox Church – p. 11Startsy – p. 11Pogroms – p. 12

7. Russia TOPIC: In Depth Study - Russia – Intro to 1905 Was the Tsar able to effectively govern Russia by 1905? KD: 1. ‘Russification’ – policy practiced by Tsar Nicholas II making non- Russians of the empire more Russian. It included speaking Russian, wearing Russian clothes and following Russian customs. Also rewarded jobs to Russians over others. 2. Identify the following: Illiterate Illiterate – unable to read or write Cossacks Cossacks – fierce and savage warriors who were loyal supporters of the Tsar. They served in the army in return for land. Serfs Serfs – an ‘unfree’ person who was bound to the land he worked on and owned by his master. Serfs were freed in 1861 and allocated a share of land (but were crushed by debt from government loans). Autocrat Autocrat – a ruler with complete and absolute power Okhrana Okhrana – The secret police for the Tsar that used its spies and agents to punish opposition and anyone that criticised the government.

8. Russia TOPIC: In Depth Study - Russia – Intro to 1905 Was the Tsar able to effectively govern Russia by 1905? KD: 2. Identify the following: Dissidents Dissidents – people who disagree with the government, and who are then often jailed or exiled Orthodox Church Orthodox Church – a branch of Christianity that was very important to Russia. It supported the Tsar’s claim as a divine (from God) leader. Startsy Startsy – Holy men that were held in special regard (elders) Pogroms Pogroms – attacks, often encouraged by Tsar Nicholas II against Jews.

9. KEY QUESTIONS: 1. What was life like for peasants? p. 6 – 7 2. What was life like for the nobility? p. 8 3. What was life like for the middle class? p. 8 4. What was life like for workers? p. 9 5. What difficulties are identified in source 10 on page 9? Are there similarities in source 11? Discuss. 6. How did Tsar Nicholas II keep control of the Russian Empire? p. 10 - 11 7. Study source 2 on page 10. What is the author saying about Russia? Discuss. 8. What role did Tsarina Alexandra play for Nicholas? p. 12 9. Read sources 2 – 9 on pages 13 and 14. Answer question #4 on page 14 (write your own opinion of Nicholas II). Use the sources to support your views.

10. KEY QUESTIONS: controls the Russian Empire 6. Tsar Nicholas II controls the Russian Empire: Autocrat and Divine Ruler – who could do what he likes without consulting anyone. Had a Council of Ministers – who ran government departments Thousands of Civil Servants – carried out the orders passed down to them (a slow and corrupt system). Censored newspaper and books. Opposition was not tolerated. The Okhrana (secret police) – dealt harshly with anyone who criticised the government (dissidents). Cossacks were used to suppress strikes, protests or demonstrations and restore order. The Orthodox Church – linked closely with the Tsar and taught that he was God’s chosen representative on earth. (this image was later shattered) 7. Study source 2 on page 10. What is the author saying about Russia? Discuss. Leo Tolstoy 1902 – He is saying that the people are essentially prisoners in Russia.

11. DATE: Nov 6, 2016 Russia TOPIC: Russia – Intro to 1905 and Opposition Organised to Nicholas OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain how the Tsarist regime dealt with the difficulties of ruling Russia up to 1914. HW REVIEW: Opinion about Nicholas KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 1. Hand out Russia Syllabus – on website. Soviet, Mensheviks, Bolsheviks 2. Define: Soviet, Mensheviks, Bolsheviks 3. Identify the three main groups that opposed Nicholas. p. 15 - 17 4. What is your opinion of Marie Spirodonova - terrorist criminal or hero? Discuss. p. 15 Consider - people need an outlet to discuss or correct problems. Demonstrations, elections, Parliament / Congress, justice system. Name Aims Support Tactics

12. Russia TOPIC: Russia – Intro to 1905 and Opposition Organised to Nicholas OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain how the Tsarist regime dealt with the difficulties of ruling Russia up to 1914. PLENARY ACTIVITY: Discuss the topic – Opposition to Nicholas. Compare and contrast opposition groups. EXAM PRACTICE / PPQ: 74. Describe the main features of Tsarist rule over Russia at the beginning of the 20 th century. (5) (How did Nicholas II control Russia)

13. Russia TOPIC: Russia – Intro to 1905 and Opposition Organised to Nicholas OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain how the Tsarist regime dealt with the difficulties of ruling Russia up to 1914. VIDEO REVIEW: Russia - Land Of The Tsars 18 - 9 min 59 sec http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-x4VcmHfxU Russia - Land Of The Tsars 19 - 9 min 59 sec http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W1b6j8U46k

14. Russia TOPIC: Russia – Intro to 1905 and Opposition Organised to Nicholas OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain how the Tsarist regime dealt with the difficulties of ruling Russia up to 1914. EXAM PRACTICE / PPQ: 74. Describe the main features of Tsarist rule over Russia at the beginning of the 20 th century. (5) It was ruled by a Tsar (Emperor). He had total power and was autocratic. Russia had no parliament or elections and so the Tsar had total power. This power was supported by the Church (Russian Orthodox) and the wealthy landowning class. The Tsar was Nicholas II was hard working but weak and indecisive. There was the problem of ruling a vast empire. Local government was in the hands of people appointed by the Tsar - Ministers and civil servants. Racism against Jews and non-Russians within the empire was common and encouraged. Class divisions were also played a distinctive part in control the people - who were NOT united. Censorship of newspapers and books. Nicholas was unable to deal with the necessary changes needed, so he relied heavily on the support of fierce Cossacks on horseback whose loyalty was secured by valuable land grants, and by the Okhrana, his secret police and spies. Opposition was outlawed and dissidents exiled.