1. Types of Rocks

2. 3 Basic Types Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic

3. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks Clastic Chemical Organic

4. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Sediments form when rocks are weathered and eroded Sediments are moved by wind, glaciers and water Most clastic sediments are deposited in the ocean

5. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Particle size is key to type of rock –Gravel is > 2 mm –Sand is 1/16 mm to 2 mm –Mud is < 1/16 mm Clay is < 4 um Silt is > 4 um

6. Sandstone

7. Conglomerate

8. Shale

9. Chemically Precipitated Sedimentary Rock Ions released during chemical weathering are carried away in solution Inorganic Precipitates –Halite –Gypsum Organic precipitates –Silica (diatoms) –Calcium carbonate – shells - CaCO 3 –Dolomite - CaMg(CO 3 ) 2

10. Halite

11. Gypsum

12. Diatomaceous Earth

13. Limestone

14. Dolomite

15. Organic Sedimentary Rock Sediments or rocks consisting mostly or entirely from plant material –Peat –Coal BituminousAnthracite

16. Sedimentary Environments Lakes Lower courses of rivers Shallow ocean Deep ocean

17. Extrusive & Intrusive Igneous Rocks Intrusive- Magma under the surface –Coarse-grained –Magma cools slowly and large crystals grow over a long period of time –Gabbro, diorite, granite

18. Granite

19. Gabbro

20. Extrusive & Intrusive Igneous Rocks Extrusive- Lava at the surface –Fine-grained –Lava cools very quickly, consequently crystals do not have time to grow and develop –Basalt, andesite, rhyolite, obsidian

21. Basalt

22. Rhyolite

23. Obsidian

24. Explosive Volcanism Fragmented magma ejected explosively –Ash plumes –Pyroclastic flows

25. Pumice

26. Metamorphic Rocks Rocks change at the chemical level Grade of metamorphism Shearing Foliation

27. Nature of Metamorphism Changes take place while a solid Due to heat and pressure Protolith – original rock

28. Metamorphic Rocks Foliated vs. Nonfoliated

29. Metamorphic Rocks Foliated- Metamorphic rock in which minerals have been rearranged into visible bands.

30. Schist

31. Gneiss

32. Slate

33. Metamorphic Rocks Nonfoliated- Metamorphic rock that does not show bands.

34. Marble

35. Quartzite

36. Regional vs. Contact Metamorphism Regional Contact (or thermal)

37. Contact Metamorphism