1. Binary Data Storage and Manipulation Adam DeNoble Chris Kratz John Moss Ted Trisco

2. Binary Data Storage and Manipulation Our purpose: – Brief history of counting and its machines – Binary system and implementation to circuitry – Logic gates and our circuitry project – Demonstration – Extension and nano circuitry

3. Historical development of number systems Overview of historical methods of communicating numbers – Abacus in China, Greece and Rome – Pascal and Pascaline – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and the binary system

4. Historical development of number systems Overview of historical implementation of counting and calculating machines – Analytical Machine – “Tabulator Machine” – Electromechanical calculators – First generation IBM

5. The Binary System Decimal system (0-9) Binary (0 and 1) – Single digit = 1 bit – Our project uses 8 bits (1 byte) Addition – Simple arithmetic rules 0 + 0 = 0 0 + 1 = 1 1 +0 = 1 1 + 1 = 0 (carry 1 to next column) Subtraction – Two’s complement

6. Correlation between binary data and electrical current Implementation – Logical on / off system works by channeling voltage – Ease of communication between electronic devices Advantages – Logical simplicity – Fast processing speed

7. Correlation between binary data and electrical current Binary representation remains the standard – Underlying implementation of the high level programming that is the staple of software today

8. Logic Circuitry Basic gates – AND Input AInput BOutput True FalseTrueFalse TrueFalse

9. Logic Circuitry Basic gates – OR Input AInput BOutput True FalseTrue FalseTrue False

10. Logic Circuitry Basic gates – NAND Input AInput BOutput True False True FalseTrue False True

11. Logic Circuitry Basic gates – XOR Input AInput BOutput True False True FalseTrue False

12. Our Circuitry Project: 8-bit binary adder What it does – Representation of an Arithmetic Logic Unit – Takes human input of 2 binary numbers – Light emitting diodes show current bit patterns and the sum

13. Our Circuitry Project: 8-bit binary adder Basic construction – Transistors – Resistors – Switches – LED’s/Bulbs Bits Flags

14. Our Circuitry Project: 8-bit adder Flags – Sign – Zero – Carry – Overflow

15. Demonstration Example of addition Example of addition with audience volunteer

16. Extension Easily modified with pin header

17. Nano circuitry Method by which modern computing processors are manufactured Manufactured in safe/clean environment Proportion: Our project vs. Pentium IV

18. THANK YOU! Question and Answer Time Website