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Intro to Chemistry 9.29.15
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Chemistry: The study of
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Chemistry: The study of matter Matter:
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Chemistry: The study of matter Matter: Anything with mass that takes up space
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The Atom Atom: Smallest differentiable unit of matter – Composed of
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The Atom Atom: Smallest differentiable unit of matter – Composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
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Subatomic Particles Neutron: – Found in the
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Subatomic Particles Neutron: – Found in the nucleus – Charge of
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Subatomic Particles Neutron: – Found in the nucleus – Charge of 0 – Mass of
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Subatomic Particles Neutron: abbr? – Found in the nucleus – Charge of 0 – Mass of 1 amu (atomic mass unit)
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Subatomic Particles Neutron: n 0 – Found in the nucleus – Charge of 0 – Mass of 1 amu (atomic mass unit)
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Subatomic Particles Proton: – Found in
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Subatomic Particles Proton: – Found in the nucleus – Charge of
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Subatomic Particles Proton: – Found in the nucleus – Charge of +1 – Mass of
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Subatomic Particles Proton: – Found in the nucleus – Charge of +1 – Mass of 1 amu
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Subatomic Particles Proton: p + – Found in the nucleus – Charge of +1 – Mass of 1 amu
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Subatomic Particles Electron: – Found
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Subatomic Particles Electron: – Found orbiting the nucleus at a great distance – Charge of
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Subatomic Particles Electron: – Found orbiting the nucleus at a great distance – Charge of -1 – Mass of
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Subatomic Particles Electron: – Found orbiting the nucleus at a great distance – Charge of -1 – Mass of 0 amu (not actually zero, but mass is so small that it is ignored)
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Subatomic Particles Electron: e - – Found orbiting the nucleus at a great distance – Charge of -1 – Mass of 0 amu (not actually zero, but mass is so small that it is ignored)
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Electron Orbitals Electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete orbits or “shells” – First orbital holds
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Electron Orbitals Electrons orbit the nucleus in discreet orbits or “shells” – First orbital holds 2 e - – 2 nd =
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Electron Orbitals Electrons orbit the nucleus in discreet orbits or “shells” – First orbital holds 2 e - – 2 nd = 8 e - – 3 rd = 8 e - – 4 th = 10 e -
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Electron Orbitals Electrons orbit the nucleus in discreet orbits or “shells” – First orbital holds 2 e - – 2 nd = 8 e - – 3 rd = 8 e - – 4 th = 10 e - Important: The valence electrons (outer shell) are the only important ones for forming bonds with other atoms
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Al 13 S 283283 Aluminum 26.982
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Al 13 S 283283 Aluminum 26.982
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Al 13 S 283283 Aluminum 26.982 Element Symbol
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Al 13 S 283283 Aluminum 26.982 Element Symbol Element Name
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Al 13 S 283283 Aluminum 26.982 Element Symbol Element Name # of p + (Atomic Number)
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Al 13 S 283283 Aluminum 26.982 Element Symbol Element Name # of p + (Atomic Number) Average atomic mass (# of p + + n 0 )
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Al 13 S 283283 Aluminum 26.982 Element Symbol Element Name # of p + (Atomic Number) Average atomic mass (# of p + + n 0 ) # of e - in each shell
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Al 13 S 283283 Aluminum 26.982 Element Symbol Element Name # of p + (Atomic Number) Average atomic mass (# of p + + n 0 ) # of e - in each shell Physical state at STP (0 o @ sea level)
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Models of the Atom Lewis dot structure: Shows the chemical symbol and only the valence electrons (# in outer shell)
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Models of the Atom Lewis dot structure: Shows the chemical symbol and only the valence electrons (# in outer shell) Mg
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Models of the Atom Lewis dot structure: Shows the chemical symbol and only the valence electrons (# in outer shell) B O
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Bohr Diagram Shows complete e - configuration (sometimes shows details of nucleus) Ex: Mg
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Bohr Diagram Shows complete e - configuration (sometimes shows details of nucleus) Try: F and Ca
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Isotopes Isotope: An atom with a different # of n 0 than normal, which therefore also has a different
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Isotopes Isotope: An atom with a different # of n 0 than normal, which therefore also has a different atomic mass
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Isotopes Ex: C-12 vs. C-14 – p + = p + =
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Isotopes Ex: C-12 vs. C-14 – p + = 6 p + = 6 – n 0 = n 0 =
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Isotopes Ex: C-12 vs. C-14 – p + = 6 p + = 6 – n 0 = 6n 0 = 8 – e - = e - =
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Isotopes Ex: C-12 vs. C-14 – p + = 6 p + = 6 – n 0 = 6n 0 = 8 – e - = 6e - = 6 – Isotopes only differ in their mass, not in their charge or their bonding behavior
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