1. SEMESTER 1

2.  Purpose: To condense information  How: Stating the main points of an argument/passage  What is the passage talking about?  What is the point of the passage?  How can you justify/give evidence that proves what you stated is true?

3.  Character  What is the definition of a character?  Name some of the characters from the stories that we read this semester.  Round/Dynamic vs. Static/Flat  Give an example of a flat character.  What makes a character flat?  Give an example of a static character  What makes a character static?

4.  Protagonist vs. Antagonist  What is a protagonist in a story?  What is an example of a protagonist in the stories that we read this semester? ---What is an antagonist in a story? ---What is an example of an antagonist in the stories that we read this semester?

5.  What type of conflicts did we study this semester?  Think about the stories that we read this semester. Give an example of conflict in these stories:  “Tell-Tale Heart”  “Drummer Boy of Shiloh”  “Thank You M’am”

6.  What are the three reasons why an author writes?  Name an example of a story that we read that the author wanted you to be…  P=  I=  E=

7.  What is it?  What is the theme in these stories that we read?  “Scarlet Ibis”  “Charles”  “Raymond’s Run”  “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings”  What is the difference between stated & implied theme?

8.  What is the difference between mood & tone?  The author’s attitude toward a topic. It is created by the author’s use of words—it may be serious, humorous, irritation, or anger etc..  The atmosphere or feeling in a selection.  Examples—happiness, peacefulness, fear, suspense

9.  What is the difference?  a narrative technique that allows a writer to present past events during current events, in order to provide background for the current narration. By giving material that occurred prior to the present event, the writer provides the reader with insight into a character's motivation and or background to a conflict.  hints about events that will occur further on in a story. Hints may appear in dialogue or narration; used to develop plots, set a mood of intrigue & suspense, & to prepare the reader for what is to come.

10.  Imply or Infer? The word “infer” is often confused with the word “imply.” But these two words are not synonymous and should not be used interchangeably.  Imply means "to state indirectly." Infer means "to draw a conclusion."  Not clear enough? Try this:  Imply means to hint at or suggest. Infer means to conclude or deduce from what was hinted at or suggested. Information taken from: Coffee Talk #092 June 30, 2004 By Rick Walston, Ph.D. http://www.columbiaseminary.org/coffeetalk/092.html

11.  Thus... Writers or speakers imply things. Listeners or readers infer things.  Correct: He implied in his speech that he will raise our taxes. Correct: I inferred from his speech that he will raise our taxes. Incorrect: He inferred in his speech that he will raise our taxes. Incorrect: I implied from his speech that he will raise our taxes.  Remember, writers or speakers imply and listeners or readers infer. Information taken from: Coffee Talk #092 June 30, 2004 By Rick Walston, Ph.D. http://www.columbiaseminary.org/coffeetalk/092.html

12.  Imply (or Implication): Implication is the activity that a speaker or piece of writing does. When a speaker or a piece of writing implies something, that speaker or piece of writing has conveyed, suggested, or hinted at it without stating it outright:  Example: When the professor said, “All the other professors in this college are pushovers,” he implied (not inferred) that he was a tough professor.  Infer (or Inference): On the other hand, inference is the activity that a reader or listener does. The reader or listener draws a conclusion from what was “hinted at”:  Example: When the professor said, “All of the other professors in this school are pushovers,” the students inferred (not implied) that he was going to be a tough professor.

13.  Example:  I say to my friend, "I am surprised you could afford such an expensive car. I am implying that he must be making more money than I thought. However, he could incorrectly infer that I am suggesting he has done something criminal.